Discrepancies between accounting and tax accounting

Firms concluding agreements with foreign partners cannot do without making payments in foreign currency. At the same time, Russian legislation prescribes accounting and reporting in rubles. Settlements under concluded foreign exchange agreements are subject to recalculation in accordance with the exchange rate, the fluctuations of which are associated with exchange rate differences. Despite significant changes in legislation in this area, the term “exchange rate differences” and the expression “total differences” are still found in the economic literature. Are these concepts identical? How to maintain accounting and tax records for them? Let's try to figure it out.

Question: In what case does the amount difference arise, and when does the exchange rate difference arise? What is their difference? View answer

Exchange rate or sum?

Let us say right away that since 2015, the concept of “amount differences” existing in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation has been excluded from it. This was done in order to bring accounting and tax accounting closer together. However, mention of amount differences may occur if we are talking about calculations before the specified period.

Amount and exchange rate differences when valuing receivables

The amount differences were associated with the situation when the contract indicated the currency (cu) equivalent of the debt, and the parties paid in rubles in order to reduce economic losses in conditions of inflation. Art. 317 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation provides for such a possibility. Exchange rate differences were discussed when the parties established both the amount of debt and the amount of payment in the currency of another state.

In accounting, transactions must be recorded in rubles, regardless of the currency unit in which they were actually carried out (PBU 3/2006 clause 4). The single term “exchange difference” is currently applied to all accounting discrepancies in amounts that arise.

How are exchange rate (amount) differences accounted for when taxing profits?

New procedure for writing off non-depreciable property

Current rules

Until the end of this year, workwear, equipment, measuring instruments and other low-value items must be reflected differently in accounting and tax accounting.

According to tax accounting standards, the cost of property that is not depreciable must be included in the full amount at a time in material costs as it is put into operation. This is enshrined in subparagraph 3 of paragraph 1 of Article 254 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Write-offs over multiple reporting periods are not provided.

In accounting, different rules apply. In general, tools, inventory and other inventories are also written off at a time as they are put into operation. But a separate procedure is provided for special clothing, special tools, equipment and special devices. If the useful life of such assets does not exceed 12 months, their cost is immediately recognized as an expense. In all other cases, the cost is repaid over the entire useful life using one of two methods: proportional to the volume of output or linear method. This is stated in paragraph 21 and paragraph 24 of the Methodological Instructions, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 26, 2002 No. 135n.

New rules

Soon, organizations will be able to use a unified approach to reflect non-depreciable property in tax and accounting. In January 2015, a new version of subclause 3 of clause 1 of Article 254 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation will come into force. When this happens, companies will have the right to decide how to write off low-value items - either at a time or over several periods. And those who choose the second option will independently determine the write-off method.

As a result, workwear and special tools can be reflected in tax accounting in the same way as in accounting. Namely, objects with a short service life should be written off immediately, and the remaining objects either in proportion to the volume of manufactured products, or in a linear manner.

How to take into account exchange rate differences

The conversion rate for the assets and liabilities of an organization can be determined (PBU 3/2006 clause 5):

• Central Bank;
• agreement of the parties to the transaction;
• a separate legislative act.

In the course of business activities, the need to determine the course may arise:

• on the date of acceptance of material assets for accounting;
• on the date of payment;
• on the date of approval of the expenses of the accountable person (advance report);
• at the reporting date.

For example, when recalculating the balance of a foreign currency account at the reporting date compared to the previous reporting date, an exchange rate difference arises.

The exchange rate can fall and rise, respectively, and the exchange rate difference can be positive and negative. The amounts received due to exchange rate fluctuations can give the company additional income or reduce it. In the accounting system, account 91 reflects positive differences on credit, and negative differences on debit and the result of foreign exchange transactions as a whole, affecting the overall financial result.

In current accounting, standard balance sheet accounts are used: 52, 50, 71, 55, 57, 60, 62, etc. - depending on the nature of business transactions.

Attention! The financial result is not affected by exchange rate differences on contributions to the founders in the authorized (share) capital. They arise in the interval between the recorded decision on the contribution to the management company and the actual payment. The differences are included in additional capital (PBU 3/2006 clause 14).

Advances, both received and issued, are taken into account on the date of receipt, and are not subsequently revalued (PBU 3/2006 clauses 9 and 7). Tax accounting of exchange rate differences is completely identical to accounting. When calculating income tax, they are included respectively in non-operating income and expenses (Tax Code of the Russian Federation, Article 250-11, 265-1, paragraph 5).

Below we give examples of calculating and accounting for exchange rate differences. All data is taken conditionally.

Typical violations when accounting for exchange rate and amount differences in 2022

(End. Beginning in Informbank No. 59 dated 08/06/2021)

Situation 8. An organization made an advance payment to a non-resident for work performed in the amount of 100% of the cost of work in foreign currency.

Misconception.

Since the accounts receivable have not been repaid and are expressed in foreign currency, the organization’s accountant believes that it is necessary to re-evaluate the advance payment monthly in accounting (D-t (K-t) account 91 “Other income and expenses” K-t (D-t) Account 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors”).

Rationale.

According to Part 1, Clause 3, Art. 12 of Law No. 57-Z1 recalculation of the value of cash, financial investments (except for financial investments in the authorized funds of other organizations), receivables and liabilities ( except for advances received and issued, advance payments, deposits ) expressed in foreign currency into official monetary units RB is carried out by organizations (except for the National Bank, banks) at the official exchange rate of the official monetary unit of the Republic of Belarus in relation to the corresponding foreign currency, established by the National Bank, on the date of the business transaction in foreign currency, as well as on the reporting date.

The procedure for reflecting in the accounting and reporting of organizations (with the exception of the National Bank, banks) differences arising when recalculating the value of assets and liabilities expressed in foreign currency, specified in Part 1, Clause 3, Art. 12 of Law No. 57-Z, into the official monetary unit of the Republic of Belarus, is established by the Ministry of Finance (Part 3, Clause 3, Article 12 of Law No. 57-Z).

The procedure for reflecting in accounting the value of assets, liabilities, equity capital, income, expenses and differences expressed in foreign currency, arising when converting the value of assets and liabilities expressed in foreign currency into the official monetary unit of the Republic of Belarus (hereinafter - the Belarusian ruble), in organizations (for with the exception of the National Bank, banks, non-bank financial institutions, banking groups, bank holding companies, budgetary organizations) is determined by National Standard No. 692.

For reference: for the purposes of National Standard No. 69, exchange rate differences are understood as differences arising when recalculating the value of cash, financial investments expressed in foreign currency (except for financial investments in the authorized capital of other organizations), receivables and liabilities ( except for advances received and issued , advance payment, deposits, letters of credit and accounts payable, the repayment of which is carried out in the form of a letter of credit) in Belarusian rubles at the official exchange rate of the Belarusian ruble in relation to the corresponding foreign currency, established by the National Bank, on the date of the business transaction in foreign currency, as well as on the reporting date , which is the last calendar day of the month (clause 2 of National Standard No. 69).

Note! The value of the assets received (the amount of expenses incurred) expressed in foreign currency and the value of the liabilities and equity capital related to these assets (expenses) are reflected in the accounting records in Belarusian rubles at the official exchange rate for:

– date(s) of transfer of the advance in foreign currency, if the advance was transferred in foreign currency in the amount of the full value of assets (full amount of expenses);

– the date(s) of transfer of the advance in foreign currency in relation to the value of assets (amount of expenses) attributable to the advance, and the date of the business transaction in relation to the value of assets (amount of expenses) not attributable to the advance, if the advance was transferred in foreign currency in the amount of partial value of assets (partial amount of expenses). The procedure for determining the value of each unit (part) of assets (part of expenses) in this case is fixed in the regulation on the accounting policy of the organization (clause 3 of National Standard No. 69).

Thus, the advance payment is not revalued due to changes in foreign exchange rates.

How to fix.

Based on the accounting statement of the organization, the following entry should be recorded:

Corrections to tax accounting data are made in accordance with the requirements of clause 6 of Art. 40 NK3 and Instructions No. 24.

Situation 9. Renting out property is the main current activity of the organization. The rent is the equivalent of 1000 euros and is paid for the current month no later than the 10th day of the next month in Belarusian rubles at the National Bank exchange rate on the last day of the current month.

The essence of the violation.

The lessor entity reflects exchange rate differences because the tenant fails to pay rent on time.

Rationale.

Explanation 5 says the following.

Based on Art. Art. 141, 288, 298 of the Civil Code6 in their interrelation in the case when a monetary obligation stipulates that it is payable in Belarusian rubles in an amount equivalent to a certain amount in foreign currency, the currency equivalent of this obligation is used to determine the amount of the obligation in Belarusian rubles at the official rate Belarusian ruble in relation to the corresponding foreign currency established by the National Bank on the date of payment, unless a different rate or another date for its determination is established by law or agreement of the parties. From the date on which the amount payable in Belarusian rubles is determined, the monetary obligation is expressed in Belarusian rubles.

In connection with the stated terms of the agreement, as well as taking into account the norms of the Tax Code in accounting and tax accounting, expressed in Belarusian rubles in an amount equivalent to a certain amount in foreign currency, the value of assets and liabilities is considered expressed in Belarusian rubles starting from the date of determination in accordance with the law or by agreement of the parties, the amount to be paid in Belarusian rubles is not recalculated in the future.

In our situation, when the parties to the agreement have determined that payment of rent for the current month is made no later than the 10th day of the next month at the National Bank exchange rate on the last day of the current month, the value of assets and liabilities is considered expressed in Belarusian rubles starting from the last for the current month and will not be recalculated later .

How to fix.

In the accounting records of the organization, it is necessary to reflect the following entries in the month in which the error was detected, based on the accounting certificate-calculation:

Corrections to tax accounting data are made in accordance with the requirements of clause 6 of Art. 40 Tax Code and Instructions No. 2.

Situation 10. An organization purchased bonds denominated in foreign currency. The organization does not apply the provisions of Decree No. 1597 in its activities.

The essence of the violation.

The organization does not carry out mandatory revaluation of bonds denominated in foreign currency due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, since these are not cash or receivables.

Rationale.

Account 06 “Long-term financial investments” is intended to summarize information on the availability and movement of investments in securities of other organizations, bonds of state and local loans (if their established repayment period exceeds 12 months), authorized funds of other organizations, etc., as well as loans provided to other organizations (for a period of more than 12 months), contributions of participants in a joint activity agreement to the common property of a simple partnership (clause 11 of Instruction No. 508).

Account 58 “Short-term financial investments” is intended to summarize information on the availability and movement of investments in securities of other organizations, bonds of state and local loans (if their established repayment period does not exceed 12 months), etc., as well as those provided by the organization to other organizations loans (for a period of less than 12 months) (clause 44 of Instruction No. 50).

When revaluing financial investments (bonds) denominated in foreign currency, exchange rate differences will arise, which should be reflected in the organization’s accounting records on the date of the business transaction in foreign currency, as well as on the last calendar day of the month (clause 7 of National Standard No. 69) .

How to fix.

In the organization's accounting accounts, it is necessary to reflect the following entries in the month when the error was discovered, based on the accounting certificate-calculation.

Situation 11. In 2022, the organization applied, in accordance with its accounting policy, the procedure for reflecting exchange rate differences in accounting, established by Decree No. 159.

After the additions provided for by Decree No. 519, the organization continues to apply the provisions of Decree No. 159.

The essence of the violation.

After the adoption of Decree No. 51, the organization continued to account in accounting for all exchange rate differences that were not written off as income (expenses) for financial activities in one sub-account, respectively: on the account. 98 “Deferred Income” and 97 “Deferred Expenses”, and when they are written off as income (expenses) from financial activities, they are taken into account when taxing profits as part of non-operating income (expenses).

Rationale.

Initially, according to Decree No. 159, commercial organizations (with the exception of banks, OJSC Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus, non-bank financial institutions) the amount of differences arising from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022 when recalculating the value of assets expressed in foreign currency and liabilities into the official monetary unit of the Republic of Belarus, the right to be attributed to income (expenses) of future periods and written off to income (expenses) for financial activities in the manner and within the time frame established by the head of the organization , but no later than December 31, 2022 (clause 1 of the Decree No. 159).

That is, Decree No. 159 did not regulate the taxation of exchange rate differences.

After the adoption of Decree No. 51, clause 1 of Decree No. 159 reads as follows: commercial organizations (with the exception of banks, OJSC Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus, non-banking financial institutions) amounts of differences arising from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022 when recalculating the value of assets and liabilities expressed in foreign currency into the official monetary unit of the Republic of Belarus, has the right to attribute it to income (expenses) of future periods and write off income (expenses) from financial activities and non-operating income (expenses) taken into account when calculating income tax ( non-operating income taken into account when calculating the single tax for producers of agricultural products) in the manner and within the time frame established by the head of the organization, but no later than December 31, 2022 (clause 1 of Decree No. 159).

At the same time, Decree No. 51 comes into force on February 20, 2021 and applies to relations arising from January 1, 2022.

Thus, in accordance with Decree No. 51, commercial organizations are given the opportunity to classify exchange rate differences under contracts in foreign currency only from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022, gradually, until the end of 2022, for tax accounting purposes as non-operating income ( expenses).

The procedure for accounting for exchange rate differences for profit tax purposes for 2022 remains the same. Consequently, for organizations that apply, in accordance with their accounting policies, the norms of Decree No. 159 for exchange rate differences in 2022, the procedure for tax accounting of exchange rate differences under contracts in foreign currency has not changed, and the norms of Decree No. 159 cannot be applied to these exchange rate differences.

In order to prevent erroneous accounting for profit tax purposes of exchange rate differences for 2022, the following must be taken into account.

Based on the standard chart of accounts, the head of the organization approves the chart of accounts of the organization's accounting, containing a complete list of accounts, including subaccounts, and analytical accounts, off-balance sheet accounts necessary for accounting.

An organization can clarify the contents of individual subaccounts given in the standard chart of accounts, excluding or merging them, and also introduce additional subaccounts.

Maintaining analytical accounting of assets, liabilities, equity capital, income and expenses in an organization should provide data on their availability and movement necessary for the preparation of financial statements.

Since, when applying the norms of Decree No. 159 for exchange rate differences arising in 2021–2022, the procedure for reflection in accounting and for tax purposes is different from the procedure applied in 2022, organizations should organize accounting for exchange rate differences for 2022 and exchange rate differences for 2021–2022 on individual sub-accounts (analytical articles) account. 97 “Deferred expenses” and 98 “Deferred income”.

At the same time, when writing off exchange rate differences to the account. 91 “Other income and expenses” with account. 97 “Deferred expenses” and 98 “Deferred income”, you should remember the need for repayment in 2021–2022. deferred tax assets and liabilities accrued and outstanding in 2022 because the recognition period for income and expenses in 2022 was different for accounting purposes and for income tax purposes.

How to fix.

In the accounting of an organization, in accordance with the norms of clause 10 of National Standard No. 69, the following entries may occur:

Corrections to tax accounting data are made in accordance with the requirements of clause 6 of Art. 40 Tax Code and Instructions No. 2.

Situation 12. An organization leases property. The rent is expressed in Belarusian rubles, equivalent to a certain amount in euros, and is paid for the current month no later than the 20th day of the next month:

a) for one agreement in Belarusian rubles at the National Bank exchange rate on the 5th day of the next month;

b) for other agreements at the rate of the National Bank on the 5th day of the next month, increased by 3%.

Misconception.

The organization reflects only exchange rate differences that it attributes to its account. 97 and 98 “Deferred income”.

Rationale.

When recalculating in the manner prescribed by law, expressed in Belarusian rubles equivalent to a certain amount in foreign currency, the value of assets and liabilities using the official exchange rate of the Belarusian ruble in relation to the corresponding foreign currency established by the National Bank, exchange differences may arise , which will be reflected in accounting according to p.p. 5–7 of National Standard No. 69.

So-called amount differences may arise when recalculating the value of assets and liabilities expressed in Belarusian rubles equivalent to a certain amount in foreign currency in cases where a contractual rate is used that is different from the rate of the National Bank on the date of payment (another date on which the recalculation is carried out).

For example:

– organizations often use the National Bank rate on the date of payment, increased by 1%, 2%, 5% or another increase;

– a different contractual rate is used, different from the National Bank rate on the date of payment (often organizations use the National Bank rate on a certain date of each month, etc.).

For reference: the amount difference is the difference between the amount in Belarusian rubles, recalculated at the contractual rate, and the amount of debt at the official rate of the National Bank on the date of payment (another date on which the recalculation is carried out).

Organizations have many questions about the point at which obligations are considered to be expressed in Belarusian rubles in an amount equivalent to a certain amount in foreign currency.

The answer to this question is contained in the Explanation.

Based on Art. Art. 141, 288, 298 of the Civil Code in their interrelation in the case when a monetary obligation stipulates that it is payable in Belarusian rubles in an amount equivalent to a certain amount in foreign currency, the currency equivalent of this obligation is used to determine the amount of the obligation in Belarusian rubles at the official rate Belarusian ruble in relation to the corresponding foreign currency established by the National Bank on the date of payment, unless a different rate or another date for its determination is established by law or agreement of the parties. From the date on which the amount payable in Belarusian rubles is determined, the monetary obligation is expressed in Belarusian rubles.

In connection with the above, as well as taking into account the norms of the Tax Code in accounting and tax accounting, expressed in Belarusian rubles in an amount equivalent to a certain amount in foreign currency, the value of assets and liabilities is considered expressed in Belarusian rubles starting from the date of determination in accordance with the law or agreement of the parties the amount payable in Belarusian rubles and is not recalculated in the future.

In situation a) the parties to the agreement have determined that payment of rent arrears for the current month is made no later than the 20th day of the next month at the National Bank exchange rate for the 5th day of the next month. Thus, from the 5th day of the next month, the value of assets and liabilities is considered expressed in Belarusian rubles starting from the last for the current month and is not subsequently recalculated. Since payment is made after the date of revenue recognition, at the National Bank exchange rate on the 5th day of the next month, based on the above norms of National Standard No. 69, only exchange rate differences will arise. The organization does the right thing by reflecting only exchange rate differences.

For reference: the Belarusian ruble is legal tender, obligatory for acceptance at face value throughout the territory of the Republic of Belarus.

Payments on the territory of the Republic of Belarus are made by cash and non-cash payments.

The cases, procedure and conditions for the use of foreign currency on the territory of the Republic of Belarus are determined by law (Article 141 of the Civil Code).

By virtue of an obligation, one person (debtor) is obliged to perform a certain action in favor of another person (creditor): transfer property, perform work, pay money, etc. – or to refrain from a certain action, and the creditor has the right to demand that the debtor fulfill his obligation.

Obligations arise from the contract as a result of causing harm, unjust enrichment and from other grounds specified in the Civil Code and other acts of legislation (Article 288 of the Civil Code).

Monetary obligations must be expressed in Belarusian rubles.

A monetary obligation may provide that it is payable in Belarusian rubles in an amount equivalent to a certain amount in foreign currency or in conventional monetary units (special drawing rights, etc.). In this case, the amount payable in rubles is determined at the official exchange rate of the corresponding currency or conventional monetary units on the day of payment, unless a different rate or another date for its determination is established by law or by agreement of the parties (Article 298 of the Civil Code).

In situation b) both exchange rate and amount differences will arise.

Example (foreign exchange rates are conditional).

Renting out property is the main current activity of the organization. The rent is 1000 US dollars and is paid for the current month no later than the 20th day of the next month in Belarusian rubles at the National Bank rate on the 5th day of the next month, increased by 3%.

Rent for May 2022 was received on 06/07/2021. The National Bank rate for 1 US dollar as of 05/31/2021 is 2.3442 rubles. The National Bank rate for 1 US dollar as of 06/05/2021 is 2.3457 rubles.

We will pay special attention to the organization’s reflection of exchange rate differences on the account. 97 “Deferred expenses” and 98 “Deferred income”.

Commercial organizations (except for banks, OJSC Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus, non-banking financial institutions) amounts of differences arising from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022 when converting the value of assets and liabilities expressed in foreign currency into official monetary unit of the Republic of Belarus, has the right to be attributed to income (expenses) of future periods and written off to income (expenses) from financial activities and non-operating income (expenses) taken into account when calculating income tax (non-operating income taken into account when calculating the single tax for producers of agricultural products), in the manner and within the time frame established by the head of the organization, but no later than December 31, 2022 (clause 1 of Decree No. 159).

According to the wording given in paragraph 1 of Decree No. 159, the norms of the document apply to the recalculation of the value of assets and liabilities expressed in foreign currency.

Thus, the exchange rate differences in question cannot be attributed to the account. 97 “Deferred expenses” and 98 “Deferred income”. These exchange rate differences should be reflected on the K-tu (D-tu) account. 91 “Other income and expenses” based on clause 14 of Instruction No. 10210 and clause 7 of National Standard No. 69.

Amount differences are also reflected in the account. 91 “Other income and expenses” (paragraph 7, paragraph 15 of Instruction No. 102).

How to fix.

An organization needs to reflect the following corrective entries in its accounting records on the basis of an accounting statement drawn up in the prescribed manner:

Corrections to tax accounting data are made in accordance with the requirements of clause 6 of Art. 40 Tax Code and Instructions No. 2.

1Law No. 57-Z dated July 12, 2013 “On accounting and reporting” (hereinafter referred to as Law No. 57-Z).

2National Standard of Accounting and Reporting “The Impact of Changes in Foreign Currency Rates”, approved. Resolution of the Ministry of Finance dated October 29, 2014 No. 69 (hereinafter referred to as National Standard No. 69).

3Tax Code (hereinafter – TC).

4Instructions on the procedure for filling out tax returns (calculations) for taxes (fees), purchase books, approved. by resolution of the Ministry of Taxes and Taxes dated January 3, 2019 No. 2 (hereinafter referred to as Instruction No. 2).

5Explanations of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Taxes of March 27, 2018 No. 15-1-7/26/2-2-10/00561 “On some issues of determining the value of assets and liabilities expressed in Belarusian rubles in an amount equivalent to a certain amount in foreign currency” (hereinafter – Explanation).

6Civil Code (hereinafter referred to as the Civil Code).

7 Decree No. 159 of May 12, 2020 “On recalculation of the value of assets and liabilities” (hereinafter referred to as Decree No. 159).

8 Instructions on the procedure for applying the standard chart of accounts, approved. Resolution of the Ministry of Finance dated June 29, 2011 No. 50 (hereinafter referred to as Instruction No. 50).

9Decree No. 51 of February 18, 2021 “On amending the Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus” (hereinafter referred to as Decree No. 51).

10Instructions for accounting of income and expenses, approved. Resolution of the Ministry of Finance dated September 30, 2011 No. 102 (hereinafter referred to as Instruction No. 102).

exchange rate and amount differences

Author of the publication:
Vitaly RAKOVETS, auditor of AuditIncom LLC

An example of accounting for exchange rate differences when making payments in advance

The total amount of supplies of goods and materials is $3,000. Payment, according to the agreement, is made at the Central Bank exchange rate. The organization first transferred an advance in the amount of $1,000, the dollar exchange rate on the day of payment was 62 rubles/dollar. On the day the goods were posted, the dollar exchange rate was 63 rubles/dollar. Dt 60 Kt 51 - 62,000 rub. — advance payment (1000*62) is transferred.

On the day the goods are posted:

• Dt 10 Kt 60 - 62,000 rub. - for part of the materials covered in advance.
• Dt 10 Kt 60 - 126,000 rub. (2000*63) - for the remaining part of the inventory.

Or, if analytical accounting does not require detail, general posting: 62000 + 126000 = 188000 rubles, Dt 10 Kt 60 - 188000 rubles.

If an exchange rate difference arises when calculating goods and materials, it is reflected by posting Dt 91 (60) Kt 60 (91) - by analogy with currency revaluation (see example above).

An example of including exchange rate differences in additional capital

The founder decided to contribute $1,000 to the management company. The agreement with the founder for recalculation indicates the official exchange rate of the Central Bank. At the time of signing it was 62 rubles. for a dollar. The capital of a Russian organization must be recorded in rubles (Article 317 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), Dt 75 Kt 80 - 62,000 rubles.

At the time the payment was made to the foreign exchange account, the dollar exchange rate was 63 rubles. for a dollar. Wiring - Dt 52 Kt 75 - 63,000 rub. We attribute the positive exchange rate difference to additional capital: 63000-62000 = 1000 rubles, Dt 75 Kt 83 - 1000 rubles.

Briefly

1. Currently, the term “amount differences” applies only to contracts concluded before 2015. All amounts related to fluctuations in exchange rates and the conversion of currency equivalents into rubles are called exchange differences in accounting.
2. Exchange differences are recalculated at the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation or in accordance with the terms of the agreement. The financial result in rubles, determined by exchange rate differences, is reflected in account 91. Current accounting is maintained in accounts corresponding to the foreign currency business transaction.
3. Advances and similar payments for transactions are not recalculated in the final settlement.
4. Exchange rate differences on deposits in the management company are attributed to additional capital.
5. The accounting for exchange rate differences in accounting and accounting records is completely the same - they are included in other, non-operating income and expenses.