Accounting for leasing by the lessee

Your company has already entered into a leasing agreement and you have questions about how to reflect leasing in accounting? In this article you can find the necessary information and examples of accounting entries for various leasing transactions.

By Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 16, 2018 No. 208n, the Federal Accounting Standard FSBU 25/2018 “Lease Accounting” was approved. The standard is mandatory for use starting with reporting for 2022. If desired, the new standard may be adopted early.

The procedure for accounting for leasing given in this article is based on Order No. 15 of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated February 17, 1997.

Leasing transactions depend on whose balance sheet the leased property is reflected in: the lessor or the lessee. The party on whose balance sheet the leased property is accounted for must be indicated in the leasing agreement.

Accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the lessor’s balance sheet

Leasing transactions correspond to the payment schedule located at the link.

If the leasing agreement provides for the reflection of the leased asset on the lessor’s balance sheet, the lessee reflects the leased property on off-balance sheet account 001 “Leased fixed assets”.

The accrual of leasing payments is reflected in the credit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” in correspondence with cost accounts: 20, 23, 25, 26, 29 – when accounting for leasing payments on property that is used in production activities, 44 – on property used in the activities of a trade organization, 91.2 - for property that is used for non-production purposes. Further, for simplicity, in the leasing accounting examples, only entries for the 20th account will be given.

Commission fee under a leasing agreement

Typically, the lessor charges the lessee a fee under the leasing agreement. This includes the preparation and execution of transaction documents. In accounting, this fee should be included in the initial cost of the leased property if the leased asset is on the balance sheet of the lessee. The accounting entries for the commission fee under the leasing agreement from the lessee will be as follows:

If the leased item is on the balance sheet of the lessor, then the lessee makes a commission fee as usual services from the counterparty.

For the lessor, the commission fee is income from ordinary activities or other income and is reflected in the appropriate accounting accounts, regardless of whose balance sheet the leased property will be accounted for.

Postings for current lease payments

Dt 60 – Kt 51 – 236,000 (advance payment (down payment) under the leasing agreement has been paid)

It is necessary to take into account that the advance payment under the leasing agreement can be charged as expenses (offset of the advance payment) not immediately, but throughout the entire agreement. In the above payment schedule, the advance payment under the contract is offset evenly (RUB 6,555.56 each) over 36 months.

Dt 20 – Kt 76 – 29,276.27 (accrued leasing payment No. 1 – 34,546 minus VAT – 5,269.73)

Dt 19 – Kt 76 – 5,269.73 (VAT charged on lease payment No. 1)

Dt 20 – Kt 60 – 5,555.56 (part of the advance payment under the leasing agreement is credited – 6,555.56 minus VAT 1,000)

Dt 19 – Kt 60 – 1,000 (VAT charged against advance payment)

Dt 68 – Kt 19 – 6,269.73 (VAT submitted to the budget)

Dt 76 – Kt 51 – 34,546 (leasing payment No. 1 listed)

The commission that is paid at the beginning of the leasing transaction (commission for concluding the transaction) is charged in accounting to the same expense accounts as current leasing payments.

Postings for the redemption of the leased asset

If there is a buyout price in the leasing agreement (this amount is not included in the leasing payment schedule, for example, let’s take it equal to 1,180 rubles including VAT), the following entries are made in accounting:

Dt 08 – Kt 76 – 1,000 (reflects the costs of purchasing the leased asset when transferring ownership to the lessee)

Dt 19 – Kt 76 – 180 (VAT is charged when purchasing the leased asset)

Dt 68 – Kt 19 – 180 (VAT submitted to the budget)

Dt 76 – Kt 51 – 1,180 (the amount of redemption of the leased asset has been paid)

Dt 01 – Kt 08 – 1,000 (the leased asset is accepted for accounting as part of own fixed assets)

Accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the lessee’s balance sheet

If, under the terms of the leasing agreement, the property is taken into account on the lessee’s balance sheet, upon receipt of the leased asset in the lessee’s accounting, the value of the property minus VAT is reflected in the debit of account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” in correspondence with the credit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”.

When a leased asset is accepted for accounting as part of fixed assets, its value is written off from credit 08 of account to debit 01 of account “Fixed Assets”.

The accrual of leasing payments is reflected in the debit of account 76, subaccount, for example, “Settlements with the lessor” in correspondence with account 76, subaccount, for example, “Settlements for leasing payments”.

Depreciation on the leased asset is calculated by the lessee. The amount of depreciation of the leased asset is recognized as an expense for ordinary activities and is reflected in the debit of account 20 “Main production” in correspondence with the credit of account 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets, subaccount for depreciation of leased property.

Features of accounting and tax accounting of leased items from the lessor

The activities of leasing companies must be carried out in accordance with current legislation and take into account all the variety of nuances of the methodology for accounting and tax accounting of leasing transactions.

The relations of the parties under leasing agreements are regulated by the provisions of the federal law “On financial lease “leasing” of October 29, 1998. No. 164-FZ and the provisions of the Civil Code (Article 665-670).

Leasing in civil law is considered as one of the types of rental relations.

Under a leasing agreement, any non-consumable items can be leased, including:

Enterprises and other property complexes;
Buildings and constructions;
Equipment and vehicles;
Other movable and immovable property,

except for land plots and other natural objects (clause 1 of Article 3 of Law No. 164-FZ).
Previously (until January 1, 2011), the Civil Code provided that the subject of a leasing agreement could only be property used for business activities.

This restriction excluded the possibility of leasing companies leasing property not used for business purposes.

Currently, leasing companies can lease property not only to organizations and individual entrepreneurs, but also to individuals.

In accordance with Article 665 of the Civil Code, under a leasing agreement, the lessor undertakes the obligation to acquire ownership of the property needed by the lessee from a seller chosen by the lessee. In this case, the lessor is not responsible for the choice of the leased item and the seller.

However, the leasing agreement may provide that the choice of the seller and the purchased property is made by the lessor.

The lessor is obliged to notify the seller of the property that the property is intended to be leased to the buyer (Article 667 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

Thus, a typical leasing agreement is a tripartite agreement between the buyer of the property, the seller of the property and the leasing company.

The leasing company enters into a property purchase and sale agreement with the seller selected by the buyer, and then a financial lease agreement with the buyer-lessee.

The ownership right to the leased property belongs to the buyer-lessor, and the right to own and use the property belongs to the lessee (Article 11 of Law No. 164-FZ).

At the same time, in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 10 of Law No. 164-FZ, the lessee has the right to directly present to the seller of the property:

Requirements for quality and completeness.
Claims regarding the timing of fulfillment of the obligation to transfer goods.
Other requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the purchase and sale agreement between the seller and the lessor .

In accordance with Article 670 of the Civil Code, the lessee has the rights and bears the obligations provided for by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation for buyers, except for the obligation to pay for the acquired property, as if he were a party to the purchase and sale agreement for the specified property.
However, the lessee cannot terminate the contract for the purchase and sale of property without the consent of the lessor.

Please note: In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 670 of the Civil Code, the lessee and the lessor act as joint and several creditors in relation to the seller.

Summarizing the above, under a financial lease agreement, the lessee receives the property he needs and the right to own it, and the lessor receives income from the provision of this property to the lessee.

The legislation also provides for the possibility of obtaining property on subleasing.

Mandatory elements of a financial lease agreement, without which the leasing agreement is considered not concluded, are:

Concluding a financial lease agreement in writing.
The content of data that makes it possible to definitely establish the property to be transferred to the lessee as the subject of leasing.

In addition, the agreement specifies:

Balance holder of the leased asset (property can be accounted for both on the balance sheet of the lessor and on the balance sheet of the lessee);
Procedure, amounts and terms of payment of leasing payments;
The procedure for changing the size and timing of leasing payments;
The moment of occurrence of the obligation to pay lease payments;
Will there be a repurchase of the leased property or its return to the lessor;
In the case of redemption, the redemption price is indicated or it is indicated that the redemption price is included in the amount of payments under the agreement;
The procedure, conditions and terms for the transfer of ownership of the leased property to the lessee;
The procedure for state registration of property (in the case where such registration is provided for by current legislation) and to whom such property will be registered (lessor or lessee);
Will the parties use the right to an accelerated depreciation rate for leased property in NU;
The procedure for insuring property, indicating the beneficiary, the terms of insurance and payment of insurance costs;
The procedure for distributing risks between the parties to the leasing agreement;
Other terms and conditions of the leasing agreement that are significant for the organization.

When concluding a leasing agreement with the condition that the leased property is recorded on the lessee’s balance sheet, the lessee independently accounts for and depreciates such property.
In addition, the lessee will be the payer of property tax, as well as transport tax (if vehicles are purchased on lease).

In accordance with the provisions of Article 18 of Law 164-FZ, the lessor may assign to a third party all or part of its rights under the leasing agreement. In addition, the lessor may pledge the leased asset. The lessor is obliged to warn the lessee about all rights of third parties to the leased asset.

Accounting for leasing operations by lessors.

Leasing companies have their own specific accounting and tax accounting practices.

For example, a huge share of a leasing company’s assets can be profitable investments in material assets. This happens if the leasing company enters into an agreement with the lessee on the condition that the leased property is taken into account on its balance sheet.

In accordance with clause 5 of PBU 6/01, fixed assets intended exclusively for provision by an organization for a fee for temporary possession and use or for temporary use for the purpose of generating income are reflected in accounting and financial statements as part of profitable investments in tangible assets.

These assets are accounted for by the debit of account 03 “Profitable investments in tangible assets” and the credit of account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” at the time of transfer of the leased asset to the lessee according to the acceptance and transfer certificate of the leased property.

Depreciation of such leased property in accounting is reflected separately in account 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets accounted for in account 03” and is carried out in accordance with the accounting policies of the lessor and the provisions of PBU 6/01, in one of the following ways:

linear method;
reducing balance method;
method of writing off value by the sum of the numbers of years of useful life;
method of writing off cost in proportion to the volume of products (works).

When calculating depreciation, it is possible to use an accelerated depreciation coefficient (but not higher than 3) in accordance with the provisions of clause 9 of the Order of the Ministry of Finance dated February 17, 1997.
No. 15 “On the reflection in accounting of transactions under a leasing agreement.” The accelerated depreciation rate must be specified in the leasing agreement and can be used for both tax and accounting purposes.

It is necessary to take into account that, in accordance with clause 19 of PBU 6/01, the use of an accelerated depreciation coefficient is possible only when calculating depreciation using the reducing balance method.

This position is adhered to by the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation in its Resolution dated 07/05/11:

“...Depreciation is calculated using one of the following methods: the linear method, the reducing balance method, the method of writing off the cost by the sum of the numbers of years of the useful life, the method of writing off the cost in proportion to the volume of production (work) (clauses 18, 19 of PBU 6/01). In this case, the use of an accelerated coefficient not higher than 3 is provided only when calculating depreciation using the reducing balance method .

A similar rule on the application of the said coefficient exclusively for the reducing balance method is also established by paragraph 54 of the Methodological Instructions for Accounting of Fixed Assets (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 13, 2003 No. 91n; hereinafter referred to as the Methodological Instructions).

Thus, the exercise of the right to accelerated depreciation, taking into account paragraph 1 of Article 375 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, according to which the residual value of property taken into account when calculating the tax base for property tax is formed in accordance with the established accounting procedure, is possible only if the procedure is observed defined by paragraph 19 of PBU 6/01 and paragraph 54 of the Guidelines.

The organization, using the linear method of calculating depreciation, did not have the right to use an accelerated depreciation coefficient and, taking into account this coefficient, determine the useful life of the leased property.”

When calculating depreciation using the reducing balance method and using an increasing factor of 3, it is possible to reduce the tax burden on property tax due to a decrease in the book value of the object.

This makes sense in the case of the acquisition and accounting of expensive property on the lessor’s balance sheet.

When using this method, the annual depreciation rate is found using the formula:

100% ——————————- = Annual rate of depreciation SPI* OS (in years) deductions (in%)

*useful life.

The annual depreciation amount is calculated based on the residual value of fixed assets at the beginning of each year using the formula:

Residual value of fixed assets at the beginning of the year * (Annual rate of depreciation * by factor 3) = Annual amount of depreciation.

This accrual method is not very popular among accountants because its use is very labor-intensive and will not help to avoid differences between accounting and tax accounting. Indeed, in tax accounting, depreciation can be calculated in only two ways:

linear method;
nonlinear method (which is different from the reducing balance method for accounting purposes).

In accordance with paragraph 1, paragraph 2 of Article 259.3, taxpayers have the right to apply a special coefficient to the basic depreciation rate, but not higher than 3:
in relation to depreciable fixed assets that are the subject of a leasing agreement (for taxpayers for whom these fixed assets are taken into account in accordance with the terms leasing agreement).

Please note: The specified special coefficient does not apply to fixed assets belonging to the first - third depreciation groups.

Thus, the taxpayer is faced with a difficult but almost unambiguous choice - to apply the accelerated depreciation rate for tax purposes and come to terms with the differences that arise between accounting and tax accounting.

Please note: The increasing coefficient cannot be changed during the entire depreciation period, since the possibility of changing the size of the coefficient during the depreciation period of leased property is not provided for by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Letter of the Ministry of Finance dated February 11, 2011 No. 03-03-06/1/93).

Quite often, leasing companies use:

linear method of depreciation of fixed assets for accounting purposes (remember that it is the residual value of fixed assets according to accounting data that is the tax base for property tax),
linear method of depreciation of fixed assets for tax accounting purposes with the coefficient established in the leasing agreement, but not higher than 3.

As a result of applying this methodology, taxable temporary differences are formed in the organization's accounting.
When taxable temporary differences arise, a deferred tax liability (hereinafter referred to as DTL) arises. This is the amount of deferred tax that will increase the amount of income tax payable in the future.

According to clause 15 of PBU 18/02, IT is reflected in accounting taking into account all taxable differences and are recognized in the reporting period in which these taxable temporary differences arise.

The increase in IT in the reporting period occurs with an increase in taxable temporary differences. Accordingly, a decrease in IT occurs with a decrease or complete repayment of taxable temporary differences.

IT = taxable temporary difference * income tax rate.

IT is reflected in accounting in account 77 “Deferred tax liabilities” by type of liability. Accounting entries:

when it arises - Dt 68.4.2 “Calculations for income tax” Kt 77 “Deferred tax liabilities”;
if IT is reduced - Dt 77 “Deferred tax liabilities” Kt 68.4.2 “Income tax calculations”.

Accounting with the lessor if the agreement provides for the accounting of property by the lessee
Please note: is not subject to VAT , regardless of whether the property remains on the lessor’s balance sheet or is transferred to the lessee’s balance sheet, because ownership of the leased property does not transfer .

In the event that, in accordance with the terms of the agreement, the leased property is on the balance sheet of the lessee, the lessor needs to establish in the accounting policy for accounting purposes the procedure for reflecting such transactions in the accounting registers.

This is due to the fact that currently there is no unified accounting methodology for such transactions.

In accordance with the provisions of Order No. 15, the procedure for recording transactions for the transfer of property under lease on the balance sheet of the lessee contains an outdated methodology, since it is based on the old Chart of Accounts and is not applicable today.

In accordance with clause 4 of Order No. 15, the transfer of leased property to the lessee is reflected in account 47 “Sales and other disposal of fixed assets”, however, there is no such account in the current Chart of Accounts.

In practice, lessors use different accounting methods for transferring leased property to the balance sheet of the lessee.

So, for example, the lessor can reflect the transfer of the leased asset as follows:

When transferring the leased asset to the balance of the lessee:

Debit of account 97 “Deferred expenses”* Credit of account 03 “Profitable investments in material assets”

— the cost of the leased item is written off.
* In the financial statements, RBP data is reflected as part of the corresponding assets.

Debit account 011 “Fixed assets leased out”

— reflects the amount of leased property transferred to the lessee.
Subsequently, monthly postings are made:

Debit account 62 / 76 Credit account 90.1 “Revenue”

— reflects the amount of the monthly lease payment.

Debit account 20 “Main production” Credit account 97 “Deferred expenses”

— part of the RBP is written off in proportion to the income received.
Please note: In the future, the PBU “Lease Accounting” should be approved (a Draft PBU has been developed), the provisions of which will make significant changes to the accounting methodology for leasing operations.

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Tax accounting of leasing when reflecting property on the lessee’s balance sheet

In the tax accounting of the lessee, leased property is recognized as depreciable property.

The initial cost of the leased asset is determined as the amount of the lessor's expenses for its acquisition.

For profit tax purposes, the monthly depreciation amount is determined based on the product of the original cost of the leased asset and the depreciation rate, which is determined based on the useful life of the leased property (taking into account the classification of fixed assets included in depreciation groups). In this case, the lessee has the right to apply a coefficient of up to 3 to the depreciation rate. The specific size of the increasing coefficient is determined by the lessee in the range from 1 to 3. This coefficient does not apply to leased property belonging to the first to third depreciation groups.

Leasing payments minus the amount of depreciation on leased property are expenses associated with production and sales.

Depreciation coefficient for leasing

Recipients of leasing on the basis of paragraph 3 of clause 9 of Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 15 have a privilege. Its essence is the possibility of using an accelerated coefficient. Its maximum possible value is 3. The coefficient is applied specifically to leased objects and specifically to depreciation. It can be used in both accounting and tax accounting. However, the coefficient becomes relevant only if these conditions are met:

The leased object is on the balance sheet of the lease recipient.
The declining balance method is used as a depreciation method (Resolution No. 2346/11 of July 5, 2011).
When establishing the useful life, the item was not included in depreciation groups 1-3 (clause 2 of Article 259.3 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

If these conditions are not met, then the coefficient cannot be used.

IMPORTANT! There is paragraph 5 of Article 259.3 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. It prohibits the simultaneous use of several coefficients for one subject. If a non-linear method is used when calculating depreciation, objects are accounted for by creating separate groups and subgroups for depreciation. This applies only to those objects in relation to which an accelerating factor is used. The basis is paragraph 13 of Article 258 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

An example of accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the lessee’s balance sheet

Leasing transactions correspond to the payment schedule for property leasing located at the link

The lessee received a passenger car under a leasing agreement, payment schedule parameters:

leasing agreement term – 3 years (36 months)
the total amount of payments under the leasing agreement is 1,479,655.10 rubles, incl. VAT – 225,710.10 rubles
advance payment (down payment) – 20%, 236,000 rubles, incl. VAT – 36,000 rubles
car cost – 1,180,000 rubles, incl. VAT – 180,000 rubles

The expected period of use of the leased property is four years (48 months). The car belongs to the third depreciation group (property with a useful life of 3 to 5 years). Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method.

Let's determine the amount of monthly depreciation in accounting. Because the cost of the property (including the leasing company's remuneration) is equal to 1,253,945 rubles (1,479,655.10 - 225,710.10), monthly depreciation will be 1,253,945: 48 = 26,123.85 rubles.

A passenger car belongs to the third depreciation group, therefore, a period of 48 months can be established in tax accounting. The monthly depreciation rate is 2.0833% (1: 48 months x 100%), the monthly depreciation amount is 1,000,000 x 2.0833% = 20,833.33 rubles.

In accordance with paragraph 10 of paragraph 1 of Article 264 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the amount of the lease payment recognized monthly as an expense for profit tax purposes is 8,442.94 rubles (34,546 (lease payment) - 5,269.73 (VAT as part of the lease payment) – 20,833.33 (monthly depreciation in tax accounting)).

Expenses under the leasing agreement are formed monthly in accounting due to depreciation (26,123.85 rubles), in tax accounting - due to depreciation (20,833.33 rubles) and leasing payment (8,442.94 rubles), a total of 29,276 ,27 rubles.

Because in accounting, the amount of expenses over 36 months (the term of the leasing agreement) is less than in tax accounting, this leads to the emergence of taxable temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities.

During the term of the leasing agreement, the lessee has a monthly taxable temporary difference in the amount of 3,152.42 rubles (29,276.27 - 26,123.85) and a corresponding deferred tax liability arises in the amount of 630.48 rubles (3,152.42 x 20% ).

Separately, it is necessary to say about accounting for the advance payment (down payment under the contract) . The following situations are possible:

1. When transferring property for leasing, the lessor provides an invoice for the full amount of the advance (in the given schedule of leasing payments - for 236,000 rubles). In this case, the entire amount of the advance payment minus VAT in tax accounting is recognized as an expense for profit tax purposes.

I would like to note that under the leasing agreement, services are provided throughout the entire contract and the fiscal authorities have no reason to assess compliance with the criteria of paragraph 4, paragraph 2 of Article 40 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation on the comparability of leasing payments, because individual payments cannot be considered as separate transactions, and the price under a leasing agreement must be analyzed in aggregate for all payments in the agreement.

2. The advance payment under the leasing agreement is offset in equal payments throughout the entire leasing term. In this case, the offset portion of the advance payment is recognized as an expense in tax accounting for profit tax purposes.

In the given example of a leasing payment schedule, it is assumed that an advance invoice is issued to the lessee when the property is leased, i.e. In tax accounting, when transferring property into leasing, expenses in the amount of 200,000 rubles are reflected (the advance payment, which is a leasing payment, is not deducted, since in the first month when transferring property into leasing, it is not yet accrued). At the same time, a taxable temporary difference in the amount of 200,000 rubles and a corresponding deferred tax liability in the amount of 40,000 rubles (200,000 rubles x 20%) arise.

At the end of the leasing agreement, the lessee will continue to accrue monthly depreciation in accounting in the amount of 26,123.85 rubles. There will be no expenses in tax accounting. This will lead to a monthly decrease in deferred tax liabilities in the amount of 5,224.77 rubles (26,123.85 rubles x 20%).

Thus, based on the results of the agreement, the total amount of deferred tax liabilities will be equal to zero:

40,000 (deferred tax liability for the advance payment) + 22,697 (630.48 x 36 – deferred tax liability for current lease payments) – 62,697 (5,224.77 x 12 – reduction of deferred tax liabilities for 12 months of depreciation in the accounting accounting after the end of the leasing agreement).

FSBU 25/2018: how a lessee can reflect a buyout in 1C:Accounting 8

How in “1C: Accounting 8” edition 3.0 the lessee can reflect additional costs associated with the receipt of the leased asset

Based on the conditions of the Example, the Tax accounting of property switch should be set to the Lessor position.

It is also known that the lessee determines the initial discounted value of the obligations directly using the actual discount rate.

What does this mean?

According to the recommendation of the BMC dated September 11, 2015 No. R-65 “Discount rate”, the initial discounted value of the lessee’s obligations is considered to be the price of acquisition by the lessor of the leased asset from the supplier minus advance payments.

Because the original present value of the liability can be determined directly, the entity applies the actual discount rate. The effective discount rate is the interest rate that, when applied, brings future cash amounts payable to the original discounted value of the liability, determined directly.

In other words, determining the initial discounted value of an obligation directly means determining it directly on the basis of the conditions and circumstances of concluding the relevant transaction without applying the discounting procedure.

In this case, in “1C: Accounting 8 KORP” in the Valuation in accounting field, select the value Equal to the lessor’s expenses.

The actual rate and interest expenses are calculated based on the payment schedule. To fill out the payment schedule using the Payment Schedule hyperlink, you should go to the form of the same name, where you indicate the amounts and dates of payments in accordance with the leasing agreement (you can use the Fill button to automatically fill it out). The amount calculated in the Total field (7,344 thousand rubles) of the tabular part of the document must correspond to the total amount of the payment schedule indicated in the Total payments line.

Accounting accounts in the Lease Receipt document are set by default.

By clicking the Print button, a Help-calculation of interest expenses is available, which illustrates the procedure for calculating the actual discount rate and the total amount of interest expenses (Fig. 2). All amounts in the certificate are indicated excluding VAT.

Rice. 2. Help-calculation of interest expenses

Let's analyze the indicators indicated in columns 1-6 of the first tabular part of the Help-calculation of interest expenses:

column 1 - total amount of payments under the agreement (RUB 6,120 thousand);
column 2 - advance payment made on the date of provision of the leased asset (500 thousand rubles);
column 3 - nominal value of the lease obligation (6,120 thousand rubles - 500 thousand rubles = 5,620 thousand rubles);
column 4 - the actual cost of the leased asset, which corresponds to the price of purchase by the lessor of the leased asset from the supplier (5,000 thousand rubles);
column 5 - discounted (present) value of the lessee's obligations, calculated as the price of acquisition by the lessor of the leased asset from the supplier minus advance payments (RUB 4,500 thousand);
Column 6 - actual discount rate (59.2553% per annum), which is calculated using a mathematical formula for determining the current present value of a set of cash flows based on data on the nominal and discounted value of the lease obligation, taking into account the payment schedule.

The amount of accrued interest is determined as the product of the lease obligation at the beginning of the period for which interest is accrued and the interest rate. Interest is accrued on the date of the lease payment and at the end of the month (clause 19 of FSBU 25/2018). The results of calculating interest expenses are reflected in the second tabular part of the Certificate of Calculation of Interest Expenses. According to the terms of the Example, the total amount of interest under the leasing agreement is 1,120 thousand rubles.

When posting the document Acceptance of leasing, accounting entries are generated, as well as entries in the registers of the OS accounting subsystem. The accounting entries are presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Postings upon receipt of the leased asset

At the end of January 2022, when performing the routine operation Accrual of interest expenses, which is included in the Month Closing processing (this routine operation is available only in 1C: Accounting 8 KORP), the following entry is generated in accounting:

Debit 91.02 Credit 76.07.5

- for the amount of interest expenses, which is 6 thousand rubles. according to the Help-calculation of interest expenses (see Fig. 2).

Regular leasing operations

Since February 2022, the lessee has been accounting for monthly lease payments using the Leasing Services document (Purchases section - Receipts document (acts, invoices, UPD) with the Leasing Services transaction type), Fig. 3.

Rice. 3. Leasing services

The transactions generated when posting the Leasing Services document are shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Postings when reflecting monthly lease payments

At the end of February, when performing monthly routine operations Depreciation and depreciation of fixed assets, Recognition of lease payments in tax accounting and Accrual of interest expenses, the recognition of expenses is reflected in accounting and tax accounting. The postings are shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Postings when performing routine operations

The calculation of expenses for leasing operations in accounting and tax accounting can be analyzed using reference calculations:

Depreciation;
Recognition of expenses on fixed assets received for rent;
Accrual of interest expenses.

From March to July 2022, the lessee reflects monthly transactions for calculating lease payments.

When processing Month Closing, the routine operations of Depreciation and Depreciation of Fixed Assets, Recognition of Rental Payments in Tax Accounting, and Accrual of Interest Expenses are performed.

A complete picture of leasing payments at the end of July can be obtained by generating a balance sheet for account 76.07 “Lease payments” (Fig. 4):

Rice. 4. SALT according to account 76.07

the nominal amount of the balance of lease obligations, including VAT, is RUB 3,744 thousand. (600 thousand rubles x 6 months + 144 thousand rubles). This is the credit balance of account 76.07.1;
there are no outstanding lease payments. This is evidenced by the zero credit balance of account 76.07.2;
the balance of the amount of interest to be included in expenses until the end of the contract is reflected in the debit of account 76.07.5 and amounts to 281 thousand rubles;
the amount of VAT on the balance of lease obligations (624 thousand rubles) is separately accounted for as the debit of account 76.07.9;
the reduced (discounted) amount of the balance of lease obligations is RUB 2,839 thousand. This is the collapsed credit balance of account 76.07.

In addition, account 60.02 “Settlements for advances issued” takes into account the advance paid to the lessor in July 2022 in the amount of 600 thousand rubles. (including VAT 20%).

This advance is credited in August 2022 when calculating the lease payment.

Changing the terms of the leasing agreement

According to the terms of the Example, in August 2022, the parties agreed on the early purchase of the leased asset in November 2022, and therefore the total amount of the contract, including VAT, is reduced by 60 thousand rubles. This means that the nominal amount of the balance of lease obligations, including VAT, is now RUB 3,684 thousand. (3,744 thousand rubles - 60 thousand rubles).

Changes in leasing conditions in the program are reflected in the document of the same name (section OS and intangible assets). Figure 5 shows the completed document.

Rice. 5. Change of leasing terms

When changing the leasing terms in 1C:Accounting 8 (in the basic and PROF versions), you must indicate the new balance of lease obligations and the new expiration date of the contract.

Based on these indicators, the cost of PSA and the amount of monthly depreciation are recalculated in accounting.

In “1C: Accounting 8 KORP” you will additionally need to adjust the payment schedule and discount rate (if necessary).

According to the conditions of the Example, in the Valuation in accounting field, you should select the value Calculated at the rate and indicate the actual discount rate (59.2553%), the value of which was automatically determined in the program when posting the document Acceptance of leasing. It is also necessary to make changes to the payment schedule, since the amounts and the expiration date of the leasing agreement change.

Let’s assume that, according to an additional agreement to the leasing agreement, the organization must pay the balance of lease payments and the redemption value of the leased asset on November 25, 2021.

Now the total amount in the new payment schedule is 3,684 thousand rubles, and it is equal to the amount of the document Change of leasing terms specified in the Total field. If these amounts are not equal, the program will indicate an error and will not post the document.

Changing the payment schedule entails a recalculation of the present value of the obligation, as well as the amount of interest expenses for the remaining term of the agreement. The procedure for such recalculation is given in the Help-calculation of interest expenses, which is available from the document Change of leasing terms by clicking the Print button (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6. Certificate of calculation of interest expenses after changes in leasing conditions

Let's analyze the indicators indicated in columns 1-5 of the first tabular part of the Calculation Certificate (all amounts are indicated excluding VAT):

column 1 - the amount of remaining lease payments and the redemption value of the leased asset in case of early redemption (RUB 3,070 thousand);
column 2 - advance payment made on the date of change in leasing conditions (500 thousand rubles);
column 3 - the nominal value of the balance of lease obligations minus the advance payment (3,070 thousand rubles - 500 thousand rubles = 2,570 thousand rubles);
column 4 - discount rate (59.2553% per annum);
column 5 - present value of the balance of lease obligations minus the advance payment (RUB 2,323 thousand).

The amount of interest to be included in expenses until the end of the contract is now 247 thousand rubles. The results of calculating interest expenses are reflected in the second tabular part of the Calculation Certificate.

Thus, as a result of changes in leasing conditions:

The present value of the balance of lease obligations is reduced by 16 thousand rubles. (2,839 thousand rubles - 500 thousand rubles - 2,323 thousand rubles);
the actual cost of PSA is also reduced by 16 thousand rubles. and now amounts to 4,984 thousand rubles. (5,000 thousand rubles - 16 thousand rubles) (clause 21 of FSBU 25/2018);
rental interest is reduced by 34 thousand rubles. (281 thousand rubles - 247 thousand rubles).

When posting the document Change of leasing terms, transactions are generated (Table 4).

Table 4. Postings when changing leasing conditions

From August to October 2022, the lessee continues to accrue lease payments in the amount of 600 thousand rubles. per month (including VAT 20%). Regulatory operations are also carried out: Recognition of lease payments in NU (in the amount of 500 thousand rubles) and Accrual of interest expenses (in amounts according to the Calculation Certificate).

The routine operation Depreciation and depreciation of fixed assets is not performed in August, since depreciation of PSA for August has already been accrued when the leasing conditions change. From September 2022, when performing the routine operation Depreciation and depreciation of fixed assets, depreciation of PSA is calculated based on new parameters:

4,984 thousand rubles. — actual cost of PSA;
RUB 1,458 thousand — accumulated depreciation ((5,000 thousand rubles / 24 months) x 7 months);
RUB 3,525 thousand — residual value of PSA, taking into account rounding to the nearest thousand rubles. (4,984 thousand rubles - 1,458 thousand rubles);
17 months - remaining useful life (24 months - 7 months);
207 thousand rubles. — amount of depreciation (3,525 thousand rubles / 17 months).

The depreciation calculation can be analyzed using the Depreciation Calculation Help.

Redemption of the leased asset

In November 2022, according to the payment schedule, the lessee pays the last lease payment to the lessor (1,140 thousand rubles, including 20% VAT), as well as the redemption value of the leased asset (144 thousand rubles, incl. VAT 20%).

The leasing payment for November 2022 is accrued on the remaining amount of payments under the contract without taking into account the redemption price (RUB 1,740 thousand, including VAT 20%). This payment takes into account an advance payment in the amount of 600 thousand rubles. (incl. VAT 20%), paid in October.

Thus, at the end of November 2022, before performing routine operations in the lessee’s accounting:

on account 60.02, as an advance issued to the lessor, the amount of the redemption value of the leased asset is taken into account (144 thousand rubles, including VAT 20%);
the debt on lease payments, recorded on account 76.07.1, corresponds to the amount of the redemption price and amounts to 144 thousand rubles. (including VAT 20%);
in accounting, the actual cost of PSA is 4,984 thousand rubles;
in the accounting system, accrued depreciation on PPA is 1,873 thousand rubles. ((5,000 thousand rubles / 24 months) x 7 months + (3,525 thousand rubles / 17 months) x 2 months);
in accounting book the residual value of PSA is 3,111 thousand rubles. (4,984 thousand rubles - 1,873 thousand rubles);
in NU recognized expenses on leasing payments amounted to 4,550 thousand rubles. (500 thousand rubles x 9 months - adjustment of 50 thousand rubles);
the balance of lease payments, the amount of which will be included in NU expenses, is 1,570 thousand rubles. (6,120 thousand rubles - 4,450 thousand rubles).

To reflect the transfer of ownership of the leased asset, it is necessary to create a document Redemption of leased assets (section OS and intangible assets).

The header of the document should indicate the lessor, the agreement with the lessor, the event occurring with the leased asset (for example, Transfer of ownership).

On the Leasing Items tab, you should indicate the leased item and its redemption value (Fig. 7).

Rice. 7. Redemption of the leased asset

Invoices are automatically entered on the Accounting tab:

for rental obligations - account 76.07.1;
accounting for own fixed assets - account 01.01;
accounting for depreciation of own fixed assets - account 02.01.

The Tax Accounting tab is filled out as follows:

in the field The procedure for including the redemption value in expenses, set the value Accrual of depreciation, since the redemption price exceeds 100 thousand rubles;
leave the Calculate depreciation flag set by default;
in the Useful life (in months) field, indicate the period for determining the depreciation rate of your own fixed assets. The useful life can be reduced by the number of months of operation of this property as a leased fixed asset (Clause 7, Article 258 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). According to accounting data, SPI is 14 months. (24 months - 10 months);
in the Special coefficient field - leave the default coefficient of 1.00.

In relation to the purchased property, the lessee has the right to apply a depreciation bonus (clause 9 of Article 258 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 18, 2012 No. 03-03-06/1/253), but such a condition is not provided for in the Example, therefore the Depreciation bonus tab not filled in.

When posting the document Redemption of leased items, accounting entries are generated, as well as entries in the registers of the OS accounting subsystem. The accounting entries are presented in Table 5.

Table 5. Postings when purchasing the leased asset

When performing monthly routine operations in November 2021, depreciation on a car with a trailer is not accrued in accounting, and leasing payments are also not recognized as tax expenses, since these operations have already been taken into account when carrying out the document Redemption of leased items.

When performing the operation Accrual of interest expenses, interest expenses for the last month of the financial lease are reflected in accounting (see Fig. 7):

Debit 91.02 Credit 76.07.5

- in the amount of 34 thousand rubles.

Thus, upon expiration of the leasing agreement on November 30, 2021, after the document Redemption of leased items and the completion of routine operations, the lease obligation is fully repaid, therefore the balance on all subaccounts of account 76.07 is reset to zero. For a vehicle with a trailer transferred to its own OS, depreciation parameters are set:

in accounting, the initial cost of the object does not change and amounts to 4,984 thousand rubles;
accrued depreciation in accounting records is RUB 2,080 thousand;
in accounting book, the residual value, taking into account rounding to the nearest thousand, is 2,903 thousand rubles. (4,984 thousand rubles - 2,080 thousand rubles);
in BU the remaining SPI is 14 months;
in NU the cost of the object is equal to the redemption value and amounts to 120 thousand rubles;
in NU the useful life is 14 months.

Accounting for your own OS after its redemption

From December 2022, when performing the routine operation Depreciation and depreciation of fixed assets for a car with a trailer transferred to its own fixed assets, depreciation is calculated in accounting and tax accounting. The postings are shown in Table 6.

Table 6. Postings for depreciation of own fixed assets

In January 2023, a car with a trailer will be completely depreciated in used and used units.

From the editor. On April 1, 2021, 1C:Lecture Hall hosted an online lecture “FSBU 25/2018 “Rent Accounting”: support in “1C:Accounting”” with the participation of a 1C expert.

See in particular:

E. Kalinina. Features of accounting for leasing operations by the lessee;
E. Kalinina. FSBU 25/2018 for the lessor;
E. Kalinina. Answers on questions.

Postings upon receipt of the leased asset

Dt 60 – Kt 51 – 236,000 (advance paid under the leasing agreement)

Dt 08 – Kt 76 (Settlements with the lessor) – 1,253,945 (debt under the leasing agreement is reflected without VAT)

Dt 19 – Kt 76 (Settlements with the lessor) - 225,710.10 (VAT reflected under the leasing agreement)

Dt 01 – Kt 08 – 1 253 945 (a car received under a leasing agreement is accepted for registration)

Dt 76 – Kt 60 – 236,000 (advance paid at the conclusion of the leasing agreement is credited)

Dt 68 (Income tax) – Kt 77 – 40,000 (deferred tax liability reflected)

Dt 68 (VAT) – Kt 19 – 36,000 (VAT submitted on advance payment)

Postings for current lease payments

Dt 20 – Kt 02 – 26,123.85 (depreciation on the car has been calculated)

Dt 76 (Settlements with the lessor) - Kt 76 (Settlements for lease payments) - 34,546 (leasing debt reduced by the amount of the lease payment)

Dt 76 “Calculations for leasing payments” – Kt 51 – 34,546 (leasing payment transferred)

Dt 68 (VAT) – Kt 19 – 5,269.73 (VAT is presented on the current lease payment)

Dt 68 (Income tax) – Kt 77 – 630.48 (deferred tax liability reflected)

Postings within 12 months after the end of the leasing agreement

Dt 20 – Kt 02 (Depreciation of own fixed assets) – 26,123.85 (depreciation accrued on the car)

Dt 77 – Kt 68 (Income tax) – 5,224.77 (reflected decrease in deferred tax liability)

There is also a method in which the initial cost of the leased asset in accounting is equal to the cost of purchasing a car from the lessor, i.e. coincides with the value in tax accounting. In this case, on account 76, when the property is accepted for accounting, only the debt for the value of the property is reflected.

Leasing payments are accrued monthly on credit 20 of account in correspondence with account 76 in the amount of the difference between accrued depreciation and the amount of the monthly lease payment.

Selecting the most reasonable option for reflecting leased property on the balance sheet of the lessor or lessee, as well as agreeing with the leasing company on the optimal scheme for reflecting leasing payments, is a very complex task that requires good knowledge of the specifics of accounting for leasing operations and the peculiarities of the wording in the leasing agreement and primary documents.

Tax accounting of leasing by the recipient

Now let’s decide how to properly organize the accounting of leasing transactions with the recipient of property for tax purposes. As in accounting, there are two scenarios for the development of events. In each of them, the taxation procedure differs significantly.

So, if the asset is listed on the lessor’s balance sheet, then the only costs that the recipient can take into account when calculating the fiscal burden are periodic lease payments. So, in accordance with paragraphs. 10 p. 1 art. 264, paragraphs. 3 paragraph 7 art. 272 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, these company costs can be reflected as part of other costs when calculating corporate income tax. Costs are accepted by NU as they accrue, in accordance with the conditions set forth in the leasing agreement.

But tax accounting of leased property on the lessee’s balance sheet has its own characteristics.

In terms of corporate income tax, the following may be recognized:

Depreciation. The amounts of accrued depreciation on a leased asset can be taken as part of depreciation costs when calculating income tax.
Leasing payments. They can be taken into account as part of other expenses, but only in the amount of the difference between the periodic payment and the amount of accrued depreciation.

Regarding transport tax:

the lessee is recognized as a taxpayer of transport tax if the property is listed on his balance sheet (Letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated August 17, 2015 No. 03-05-06-04/47422, Federal Tax Service of Russia dated December 11, 2013 No. BS-4-11/22368).

Regarding property tax:

according to paragraph 1 of Art. 374 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the lessee is obliged to charge and pay tax on the property of organizations, as well as advance payments on it, if the property is listed on its balance sheet.