Accounting statements for 2022: important details

Many financiers are faced with the need to develop and implement management accounting in an enterprise. We can say that this is a kind of test for professional aptitude: if you succeed in building accounting, you can be considered a highly qualified specialist; if you fail, you do not understand the finances of the enterprise well enough. In this article we will look at an important aspect of constructing management accounting - forms of management reporting, and we will figure out which forms to use in a particular business, how to build and automate them.

Who submits financial statements

All companies that do not have an exemption from submitting reports to the Federal Tax Service must submit them, regardless of the type of activity they carry out or the size of their annual profit. There are exceptions to this general rule established by Part 4 of Art. 18 of the Accounting Law.

Thus, the Central Bank of Russia and companies that submit financial statements there, budgetary and religious organizations, companies whose accounting statements contain information containing state secrets are exempt from submitting accounting reports.

Some organizations have an obligation to provide accounting reports to Rosstat. These include, in particular, legal entities whose reports contain information classified as state secrets.

Budgetary institutions also submit accounting reports. Depending on the type of institution, reporting must be provided to the founder, local authorities or other bodies.

Management reporting: definition, difference from financial reporting

Management reporting or, as it is also called, internal reporting is a set of company reports that are compiled to provide management or owners with up-to-date information about the current state of affairs of the company. Management reporting demonstrates the results of the activities of not only the enterprise as a whole, but also its divisions, subsidiaries and individual areas of activity. The formation of this reporting is carried out voluntarily at the end of the budget or reporting period and is not regulated by the state

There are cases when the definition of “external” is applied to management reporting. External management reporting is prepared for various external users, for example, credit institutions, insurance companies, etc.

There are a number of principles that management reporting and the information contained in it must satisfy:

• Efficiency. In order to make one or another management decision, it is important for the company’s management to receive the necessary information promptly; they cannot always wait for verified, accurate information, which is why the error in the data provided is often considered acceptable;
• Credibility. A mandatory condition for generated reporting, non-compliance with which calls into question the validity of the management decision being made;
• Ease of perception. For correct and unambiguous interpretation, data must be presented in an accessible and understandable form.

Management reporting allows top management to see the real situation at the enterprise, diagnose the current state of affairs, evaluate, organize, regulate and control its activities, plan and forecast the activities of the entire company and its structural units, and, importantly, quickly respond to changing conditions .

The main difference between management and accounting (or financial) reporting is the audience to which they are addressed. The data contained in management reports is intended for internal users (the enterprise itself), while financial reporting is prepared for external users - primarily regulatory and inspection bodies.

Automation of management reporting in companies of any size and industry based on 1C

In addition, there are a number of characteristics that are criteria for distinguishing between management and financial accounting.

Table 1. Differences between regulated and management accounting

Deadline for submitting financial statements for 2022

Firms must submit financial statements no later than three months after the end of the reporting year. This rule is enshrined in paragraphs. 5, 5.1 clause 1 art. 23 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, as well as in Part 5 of Art. 18 of the Accounting Law.

If the last day of the period falls on a weekend, then in accordance with clause 7 of Art. 6.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, accounting reports can be submitted to the tax office on the first working day after this date. This means that balance sheets and other forms for 2022 must be submitted no later than March 31, 2022. And since this is a working day, all companies need to meet the allotted deadline - there will be no postponement.

As a general rule, the reporting period will be the period from January 1 to December 31, that is, a calendar year. An exception is provided for new organizations formed in the last quarter of the year, after September 30. In this case, the company has a choice - the annual accounting reports can be submitted along with all of them or postponed for one year. If the latter option is chosen, then the reporting must cover the period from the moment of creation of the company until December 31 of the calendar year following the creation. This rule is contained in Art. 15 of the Accounting Law.

Thus, if a legal entity was registered on October 15, 2021, it may not submit a balance sheet and other forms until March 31, 2022, and reports must be submitted by March 31, 2023 for the period from October 15, 2022 to December 31, 2022.

Federal Law No. 435-FZ dated December 30, 2021 changed the deadlines for submitting amended financial statements starting in 2022. Now, corrected reports must be submitted no later than July 31 of the year following the reporting year. If the error was corrected when approving the accounting reports after July 31 of the year, then it must be submitted no more than 10 working days after approval, but no later than December 31 of the year following the reporting year.

Previously, the corrected version had to be submitted within 10 working days from the date following the day of correction or the day of approval, without reference to specific dates in the year.

How to submit financial statements

Let's start with the fact that accounting according to subclause 5.1, clause 1, art. 23 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, companies submit their documents to the tax office at their location. Some legal entities exempt from submitting reports to tax authorities in accordance with Part 7 of Art. 18 of the Accounting Law, accounting records must be submitted to state statistics bodies.

Reporting is provided electronically; the tax office will not accept a paper form. Previously, part 5 of Art. 18 of the Accounting Law provides for the possibility of submitting reports only via telecommunication channels. Now, Federal Law No. 435-FZ of December 30, 2021 has been amended, and from 2022, firms are given the choice of reporting through the Federal Tax Service website or via telecommunication channels through an electronic document management operator. All accounting reports submitted by legal entities are accumulated in the state accounting information resource (GIR BO).

From January 1, 2022, the one-window principle introduced by Federal Law No. 352-FZ dated 07/02/2021 will apply. Now there is no need to provide financial statements to other government agencies other than the tax office. These bodies can obtain information from a special state accounting resource.

An exception is provided only for legal entities exempt from submitting documents for the resource.

Accounting reporting forms

According to part 1 of Art. 14 of the Accounting Law, as a general rule the following should be included in the accounting records:

• balance sheet;
• income statement;
• attachments to the above forms.

The following forms were approved as appendices to the balance sheet and financial results statement by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n:

• statement of changes in equity;
• cash flow statement.

Based on paragraph 2 of Art. 14 of the Accounting Law, the annual accounting records of non-profit organizations also include a report on the intended use of funds.

Starting with accounting reports for 2022, all information in the forms is indicated in thousands of rubles.

The above-mentioned order of the Ministry of Finance includes explanations that contain a breakdown of the balance sheet lines, as well as details of the statement of financial results, as other annexes. Explanations are intended to provide more complete and expanded information about the financial condition of the organization than general reporting.

In cases where the company is subject to mandatory audit, then in accordance with Part 5 of Art. 18 of the Accounting Law, a report prepared by an audit organization is also sent to the tax office. It is submitted either together with the accounting reports, or within 10 working days from the date of such conclusion, but no later than December 31 of the following reporting year. Federal laws may provide for a different procedure for submitting an audit report.

Balance sheet for 2022

The first and most important form of accounting is the balance sheet, which is compiled according to accounting data. The information contained in this document discloses the financial position of the legal entity, its assets and liabilities. The balance sheet form was approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n as amended by Order No. 61n dated April 19, 2019.

The balance sheet contains summary indicators of the value of the company's property and its liabilities, presented in the form of a table of columns and lines. This document consists of two sections - assets and liabilities. The total for an asset should always be equal to the total for a liability. Therefore, this form of reporting is called a balance sheet.

Balance sheet data is provided as of a specific date. This is the main difference between a balance sheet and an income statement. The last form also contains information about the financial results of the company, but for a certain period, on an accrual basis from the beginning of the year.

The balance sheet asset reflects the property owned by the company. It consists of non-current and current assets. Current assets include raw materials, supplies, cash and more. Current assets are more liquid than non-current assets, which include equipment, buildings, long-term investments, etc.

The liability side of the balance sheet reveals the sources of formation of the company's property. It consists of three sections: capital and reserves, long-term liabilities and current liabilities.

Preparing for interim reporting

Before starting work on filling out reporting documents, prepare primary data for them. To do this, it is necessary to complete all operations for the period for which the document is being prepared, as well as calculate taxes.

The rules for drawing up the PBO do not differ from the rules that accounting follows when preparing the annual balance sheet:

• The documents are drawn up in Russian.
• Amounts are written in “thousands”. rub.".
• Negative values ​​are enclosed in parentheses.
• Missing indicators are replaced with dashes.
• The data is presented in comparison with similar indicators of the previous period.

Income statement

The financial results statement is the second form of accounting for legal entities for 2022. It was also approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n. The current form is used starting with reporting for 2022, and the composition of the lines has been significantly changed. Previously, this form was called the profit and loss statement; starting with the reporting for 2012, the name was changed.

The income statement reflects the key financial results of a company for a certain period: income, expenses, profit or loss and some other indicators.

Both the income statement and the balance sheet are prepared by all accounting firms. But if the balance sheet shows the property owned by the company and sources of financing, then the income statement reveals the efficiency of the legal entity.

Interim accounting financial statements 2022

The preparation of interim financial statements is not included in the mandatory procedures from 2022 in accordance with Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 74 n. Its presentation is required if this obligation is imposed on the company:

• by law;
• regulatory document;
• agreement;
• constituent document.

In this case, the organization has the right to compile it for its own use. There is no need to submit it to the tax control or statistical authorities.