Account 98 in accounting “Deferred income”

Account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” is used to summarize information about fixed assets, intangible assets, financial investments transferred to the main herd of grown animals and other property, the price of which has not been fully formed or all conditions for commissioning have not been met.
Account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” is used to collect information on the costs of assets, which in the future, after the price has been fully formed, will be taken into account as:

• fixed assets (fixed assets) - account. 01;
• intellectual property - intangible assets (IMA) that do not have a tangible form, used in economic activities to make a profit, with a service life of more than a year (patents, know-how, software products, etc.) - count. 04;
• productive herd of animals - count. 01;
• profitable investments - account. 03.

Account 08 is active, that is, the debit reflects the growth of investments, and the credit reflects the decrease (acceptance for accounting as fixed assets or intangible assets, transfer of animals to an adult herd, disposal).

The cost of the purchased property and the costs of its installation and installation are recorded in Dt. 08 without VAT: the amount indicated in the invoice is divided into the actual price of the object (recorded in Dt 08) and the amount of VAT (in Dt 19).

Attention! The account records only property that is not ready for use in business activities. As soon as the object is ready for use, and the value of the property has been formed, it is necessary to write it off to the appropriate accounts (01, 03, 04). If this is not done on time, the tax service may have questions for the organization, as this entails incorrect calculation (underpayment) of property tax amounts.

Subaccounts used

Depending on the type of activity of the enterprise to the account. 08 open sub-accounts:

08/1 – to collect information about investing in land;

08/2 – for environmental management facilities;

08/3 – for newly created operating systems – all expenses associated with bringing the property to working condition are collected: installation, delivery, building materials and components, services of construction companies, commission to intermediaries, that is, what is written off from account 07 “Equipment for installation” ", as well as the construction of facilities on our own;

08/4 – for acquired operating systems – purchase of assets that do not require installation (cars, agricultural machinery, computer equipment, inventory and household supplies);

08/5 – for acquired intangible assets;

08/6 – for livestock objects (young animals) transferred to the main herd;

08/7 – for livestock objects (adult animals) accepted for registration in the main herd;

08/8 – for scientific works.

>Regulatory framework

The use of the account is regulated by the Chart of Accounts established by the Instruction of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94, PBU 6/01 “Accounting for fixed assets” and other documents.

Basic Operations

1 Purchasing an OS

The purchase of non-current fixed assets is reflected by the following entries:

Dt 08 Kt 60 – the purchased fixed assets are taken into account (negotiated price excluding VAT), as well as the costs of transportation, setup, storage under contracts with third parties – a separate entry is made for each operation;

Dt 19 Kt 60 – VAT allocated;

Dt 68 Kt 19 – VAT refunded.

2 Creation of an asset using your own resources (in whole or in part)

Dt 08 Kt 23 – expenses of auxiliary shops are accepted as non-current assets;

Dt 08 Kt 10 (70, 69) – expenses for materials and salaries of employees involved in creating property are accepted as non-current fixed assets.

3 Free admission

There are 2 options possible:

Dt 08 Kt 76 – donation of property:

Dt 08 Kt 98/2 – acceptance of an asset for accounting as a result of the inventory.

Attention! Property received free of charge is taken into account at the price at which it is usually sold in a competitive market (market value).

4 Contribution by the founder as a contribution to the management company

Dt 08 Kt 75 – assets were accepted as the founder’s contribution to the management company.

5 Receipt of equipment requiring installation

Dt 08 Kt 07 - equipment ready for installation is accepted as an investment in non-current assets.

6 Transfer of animals to an adult herd

Dt 08/6 Kt 11 - the cost of grown animals has been taken into account;

Dt 07 Kt 08/6 – the cost of the main herd has been increased.

7 Putting the property into operation

Dt 01 (03, 04) Kt 08 – acceptance of the asset for accounting as fixed assets (income investment, intangible assets).

Attention! As a rule, property purchased from suppliers is completely ready for use and is written off from the account. 08 on account 01 (03, 04) immediately after the transaction is completed. If the construction (creation) is carried out by the organization independently, the cost of the object can accumulate on Dt 08 for a long time. As a rule, the account balance at the end of the period represents the balances of incompletely formed assets created on its own.

Account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” is used in accounting in accordance with the norms of PBU 6/01 and the Chart of Accounts. Amounts are formed on it for acquired non-current assets, which include expensive objects with a long service life.

Often, an enterprise needs to purchase property under a leasing agreement. But as the practice of audits shows, recently agricultural organizations have again had problems accounting for leased property, so the accounting service should pay more attention to the correct accounting of leasing operations.

The main problems that may arise for the accounting department of an enterprise:

1. Where to account for property, on the organization’s balance sheet or off the balance sheet?

2. How to take into account lease payments if the property is recorded on the balance sheet of the lessee or on the balance sheet of the lessor?

3.How are leasing payments accepted as expenses under the Unified Agricultural Tax or income tax, and how to recover VAT?

Each situation has its own characteristics, but in general the accounting methodology is similar; differences can only be in the taxation regime and in whose balance sheet the property should be accounted for.

Accounting

In order to decide on the method of accounting for property, first of all you should pay attention to the leasing agreement; in most cases, it is the agreement that indicates where to take into account the leased asset. But there are situations when this information is not reflected in the contract, for example, the contract with JSC Rosagroleasing always has a link to the general terms of the contract on the website www.rosagroleasing.ru. But if you read the general conditions, it will become clear that the property must be taken into account on the balance sheet of the lessee!

Let's consider two different accounting methods depending on the terms of the leasing agreement:

1) If, under the terms of the leasing agreement, the leased asset is taken into account on the lessor’s balance sheet , then the cost of the leased property is reflected by the lessee on off-balance sheet account 001 “Leased fixed assets” in the amount specified in the leasing agreement. Leasing payments are accrued to cost accounts in accordance with payment schedule in correspondence with account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors.” Upon expiration of the leasing agreement and payment of the redemption price, the enterprise reflects the disposal of property from the off-balance sheet account while simultaneously reflecting on balance sheet accounts 08 or 10 the receipt of property at the redemption price.

The following list of accounting entries is recommended:

Dt 001 – the cost of the leased property is recorded in an off-balance sheet account;

Dt 20,23,25 – Kt 76 – the amount of the lease payment is included in expenses;

Dt 76- Kt 51 – monthly payment is transferred;

Dt 76 - Kt 51 - part of the redemption price for the leased asset is listed.

Kt001 ​​– reflects the disposal of leased property from the off-balance sheet account when it becomes the property of the lessee.

Dt 08 - Kt 76, Dt 01 - Kt 08 - reflect the costs of purchasing the leased property (at the cost reflected in the leasing agreement) and commissioning.

It is also possible to account for it as inventory if the redemption value does not exceed the limit for recognizing fixed assets as inventory established by the organization’s accounting policy, for example, 40 thousand rubles. - Dt 10 - Kt 76.

2) If, under the terms of the leasing agreement, the leased asset is on the balance sheet of the lessee, then the value of the leased property is reflected in the debit of account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” in correspondence with the credit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, for example, subaccount 76 -5 “Rental obligations”. The cost of the leased asset is debited from account 08 to the debit of account 01 “Fixed Assets”.

In this case, the amount of the advance payment transferred to the lessor is not recognized as an expense of the organization, but is taken into account as part of accounts receivable, which is reflected by an entry in the debit of account 76, subaccount “Advance payment under a leasing agreement” (clause 3, PBU 10/99, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 05/06/1999 No. 33n; hereinafter referred to as PBU 10/99).

Please note that during the entire term of the leasing agreement, the amount of the advance payment previously paid to the lessor is counted towards the provision of services in the manner established in the agreement. In this case, the agreement may provide for equal repayment of the advance over the term of the leasing agreement; repayment of the advance is proportional to the amount of the lease payment; different order.

List of recommended accounting entries:

Dt 76 - Kt 51 - advance payment transferred;

Dt 08 - Kt 76 - the debt to the lessor is reflected in the assessment reflected in the leasing agreement;

Dt 76 - Kt 51 - monthly payments;

Dt 01 - Kt 08 - the object received under a leasing agreement is accepted for accounting as an object of fixed assets.

Please note that the program “1C: Accounting for an Agricultural Enterprise 3.0” provides special accounts and documents for accounting for leased property. To account for leased property from the lessee, subaccounts have been added to the Chart of Accounts: 76.07.1 “Rental Obligations”, 76.07.9 “VAT on Lease Obligations”, 01.03 “Leased Property”, 02.02 “Depreciation of Leased Property”. To account for accrued lease payments from the lessee, the following account has been added to the Chart of Accounts: 76.07.2 “Debt on lease payments.”

1. The receipt of fixed assets into the organization is documented in the document “Receipt of leasing” (the result of this document will be the following entry - Dt 08.04 “Receipt of fixed assets” - Kt 76.07.1 “Lease obligations”)

2. Commissioning is documented in the document “Receipt of fixed assets” (Dt 01.03 “Leased property” Kt 08.4). In the future, depreciation will be accrued on the credit of account 02.03 “Depreciation of leased property.”

3. The calculation of the monthly payment is documented in the document “Leasing Services” (Dt 76.07.1 “Lease Obligations” Kt 76.07.2 “ Debt on Leasing Payments”)

4. The repurchase of the leased asset is formalized by the document “Repurchase of the leased asset” (Dt 76.07.1 Kt 60.01, Dt 01.1 Kt 01.3, Dt 02.03 Kt 02.01)

Value added tax (VAT)

1). If, under the terms of the leasing agreement, the leased asset is accounted for on the lessor’s balance sheet, then upon receipt of the leased asset, the VAT specified in the leasing agreement is not reflected in the lessee’s accounting. The lessee's right to deduct the specified VAT arises as lease payments are accrued on the basis of the lessor's invoices, drawn up in compliance with the requirements of the law, in the presence of the relevant primary documents and provided that the leased asset is intended for use in transactions subject to VAT (subclause 1 p. 2 Article 171, Clause 1 Article 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

VAT on lessor invoices in the periods in which they are received. This applies to invoices (clause 2 of article 171, clause 1 of article 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, Letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 7, 2006 No. 03-04-15/131):

— for all payments under the leasing agreement, including payments that include the redemption price;

- on the redemption value of the property, which is paid under a separate purchase and sale agreement.

You can also deduct VAT from the advance payment, but this VAT will need to be restored in the period when the advance payment is counted against periodic payments (subclause 3, clause 3, article 170, clause 12, article 171, clause 9 Article 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

2). If, under the terms of the leasing agreement, the leased asset is taken into account on the balance sheet of the lessee, then the total amount of VAT payable under the agreement to the lessor is reflected in the debit of account 19 “Value added tax on acquired assets” and the credit of account 76, subaccount 76-5.

The amount of VAT presented by the lessor on lease payments, the lessee has the right to deduct on the basis of the lessor's invoices, drawn up in compliance with the requirements of the law, after reflecting the lease payments in accounting, provided that the leased asset is intended for use in transactions subject to VAT, and if there are relevant primary documents (subclause 1, clause 2, article 171, clause 1, article 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Corporate income tax

1) If, under the terms of the leasing agreement, the leased property is taken into account on the balance sheet of the lessor, then it is included in the depreciable property in the tax accounting of the lessor (clause 10 of Article 258 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

When calculating your income taxes, you recognize two types of expenses:

— leasing payments (except for the redemption price);

- redemption price.

2). If, under the terms of the leasing agreement, the leased property is taken into account on the balance sheet of the lessee, then it is included in the depreciable property in the tax accounting of the lessee (clause 10 of Article 258 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). In this case, the initial cost of the property that is the subject of leasing is recognized as the amount of expenses of the lessor for its acquisition, construction, delivery, production and bringing it to a state in which it is suitable for use, with the exception of amounts of taxes subject to deduction or taken into account as expenses in accordance with Tax Code of the Russian Federation (clause 1 of Article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

When calculating income tax, you recognize three types of expenses (clause 10 of article 258, clause 10 of clause 1 of article 264 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation):

1) depreciation accrued on leased property;

2) lease payments reduced by the amount of depreciation accrued for the same period as the payment;

3) redemption price.

With the Unified Agricultural Tax (USN), regardless of the property accounting method, you take into account the following expenses:

1) leasing payments (except for the redemption price). They are recognized as expenses for the latest date (subclause 4, clause 2, article 346.5, subclause 4, clause 1, article 346.16, clause 2, article 346.17 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation):

— date of transfer of payment;

— the last day of the month for which the payment was accrued;

2) redemption price. It can be taken into account in expenses only after the expiration of the lease agreement and the transfer of ownership of the leased property to your organization.

Account 08 in accounting

In the form of non-current assets, fixed assets with intangible assets and investments of a financial nature act. Account 08 is intended to systematize information about non-current assets upon receipt in the absence of a final price for them or conditions for immediate commissioning.

After the process of calculating the final price for the asset is completed, the 08 accounting account is closed by transferring amounts from it to the appropriate accounts. If the price is known immediately after the transaction for the purchase of an object and its change is not expected, then the account. 08 will play a transit role.

The cost of the property is taken into account in the amount of additional costs for installation, delivery and modification of the asset. An important nuance - the VAT amounts for each object should be attributed to account 19. The answer to the question “08 account - active or passive” is unambiguous - the account is active. That is, all incoming amounts are recorded as a debit, and disposals are recorded as a credit.

Accounting account 08 includes assets that:

• used in the form of a contribution to the authorized capital;
• acquired;
• received free of charge;
• created economically or by intermediaries.

The balance sheet for account 08 will help ensure the correctness of accounting records regarding investments in non-current assets. If the turnover in it is equal, the balance is zero, then the accountant did everything without errors. When a balance appears, it is necessary to pay attention to the presence or absence of unfinished construction at the enterprise.

Account 75 in accounting: entries for settlements with founders

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Dt Kt Description of posting Document-basis 1) Postings for contributions to the authorized capital upon initial creation: a) When creating a company, payment of the contribution in cash: 75 80 Settlements with the founder are reflected Certificate of state registration, constituent documents 50 (51) 75 Contribution from founders Receipt cash order (bank statement) 55 75 A share in the capital company or payment for shares (JSC) has been deposited into a temporary savings account. Announcement for a cash contribution 51 55 Receipt of a contribution to the authorized capital into the current account Bank statement b) Contribution in the form of material assets: — Transfer of fixed assets, intangible assets: 75 80 Reflects settlements with the founder Certificate of state registration of the enterprise, constituent documents 08 75 Reflects the cost of fixed assets or intangible assets Minutes of the meeting of participants, Acceptance and transfer certificate or Agreement on the alienation of the exclusive right to intangible assets 01 08 Capitalized object of fixed assets Acceptance certificate - transfer of OS 04 08 An intangible asset has been capitalized Intangible asset registration card 19 83 VAT is reflected (if the receiving and transferring party is a legal entity on OSNO and is not exempt from VAT) Certificate of acceptance and transfer of OS 68 19 Accepted for deduction of VAT (if the receiving and transferring party is a legal entity. persons on OSNO and are not exempt from VAT) Certificate of acceptance and transfer of OS - Contribution of materials or goods. The founding organization is exempt from fulfilling the duties of a VAT payer: 75 80 Settlements with the founder are reflected Certificate of registration of the enterprise, constituent documents 10 (41) 75 Materials (goods) are received Minutes of the meeting of participants, receipt order (act of acceptance of goods) - Contribution to the authorized capital in in the form of the right to own and use the warehouse premises: 75 80 Reflects settlements with the founder Certificate of registration of the enterprise, charter 97 75 Reflects the rights to own and use the warehouse premises as part of future expenses Minutes of the meeting of participants, Certificate of acceptance and transfer of the warehouse premises c) Contribution from the founder to in the form of shares of another company: 75 80 Reflects settlements with the founder Certificate of registration 58 75 Receipt of shares is reflected in the financial investments Extract from the register of shareholders d) Contribution to the authorized capital in the form of the right of claim to a third-party organization: 75 80 Reflects settlements with the founder Certificate of registration, constituent documents 76 75 The right to claim against a third-party organization was obtained on the basis of the constituent documents and assignment agreement Assignment agreement 75 83 The amount of excess of the property contributed to the authorized capital, the right to claim debt over the nominal value of shares in the authorized capital, shares (issued income) Accounting certificate-calculation 2) Postings for increasing the authorized capital: 75 80 The size of the authorized capital has been increased Minutes of the meeting of participants, certificate of registration of changes in the constituent documents 50 (51) 75 Payment of an additional deposit in cash Receipt cash order, bank statement 10 (41 ) 75 Payment with materials (goods) for additional deposits Minutes of the meeting of participants, receipt order (act of acceptance of goods) 08 75 Receipt of additional deposits with fixed assets, intangible assets Minutes of the meeting of participants, act of acceptance and transfer, intangible asset agreement 01 08 Accepted for accounting of fixed assets object Acceptance and transfer certificate 04 08 Accepted for registration of intangible assets Intangible asset registration card 51 66 Funds have been received to the current account of the received loan Loan agreement, current account statement 66 75 Loan debt is offset against the additional deposit Minutes of the meeting of participants 75 83 The excess is reflected as additional capital the value of the property received above the nominal value of the share in the charter capital Accounting certificate-calculation 3) Postings for reducing the authorized capital: 80 75 Reducing the charter capital by reducing the nominal value of shares, shares to be paid to the participant Protocol on reducing the authorized capital or the participant’s statement of withdrawal from the company, certificate on registration of changes in constituent documents 83 75 Payments from additional capital (if payments exceed the amount of reduction in the authorized capital) Decision to reduce the authorized capital, registered changes in the charter 75 68 Withholding personal income tax from dividends or income, if the founders are individuals (including including non-residents of the Russian Federation) and income tax, if the founders are legal entities (clause 3 of Article 284 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation) Tax accounting register (tax card) or accounting certificate-calculation 75 50 (51) Funds paid to the founder by which the amount was reduced authorized capital Expenditure cash order, bank statement on the current account 4) Postings for the redemption of shares from shareholders (shares from participants): 81 75 Reflects the debt to retiring participants for the payment of the share purchased from the participants Application of the participant to withdraw from the company 80

1. On the formation of contributions to the authorized capital during the initial creation of companies;
2. To increase the size of the authorized capital;
3. To reduce the size of the authorized capital;
4. By repurchasing shares or shares from shareholders with payment of their actual value. Their subsequent sale or distribution among the remaining participants;
5. On payment of dividends;
6. To provide loans to company participants;
7. Providing participants with paid copies of documents;
8. And other operations.

Please note => Benefit for pensioners on property tax 2019

Account 08: postings

When purchasing fixed assets, the following entries should be made:

• according to Dt 08 and Kt 60 to reflect the price of the asset;
• Dt 19 and Kt 60 for the allocation of VAT;
• Dt 68 and Kt 19 for VAT refund.

Accounting account 08 debits the amount of expenses of auxiliary workshops when creating an object on their own in correspondence with account 23. Expenses for materials and wages related to the asset being created are recorded using correspondence Dt 08 and Kt 10 (70 and 69).

Posting account 08 when receiving assets free of charge is created with crediting to accounts 76 in case of donation and 98.02 when accepted for accounting based on inventory results. The price is determined based on the average market value.

Postings to account 08 when contributing assets to the authorized capital - Dt 08 Kt 75. If the received equipment requires installation or configuration work, then these costs are included in Dt 08 and Kt 07.

In the case of animals, account 08 in accounting records is generated as follows:

• at the time of accepting the cost of animals that have reached the required age for transfer to the main herd, subaccount 08.06 is debited and account 11 is credited;
• when reflecting an increase in the value of the main herd, the amount is written off from 08.06 on credit by debiting 07.

The 08 account scheme assumes the absence of an opening and closing balance, with the exception of objects that require lengthy construction or installation work. Ideally, during the reporting period, all amounts under debit 08 should be closed.

The correspondence of account 08 when putting property objects into operation is reflected by postings Dt 01, 04, 03 and Kt 08. If this is not done when the object is ready for its intended use, the tax authorities will issue claims due to an understatement of the property tax base.

Where is account 08 reflected in the balance sheet?

Filling out a balance sheet with existing open balances on investments in non-current assets requires their reflection in the appropriate lines, broken down by the purpose of the objects. Account 08 in the balance sheet can be represented by five lines:

1. Intangible search assets.
2. Material prospecting assets.
3. NMA.
4. OS.
5. The results of research and development.

As a result, which line is account 08 reflected in the balance sheet? For enterprises involved in the development of natural resources, the first two options are relevant. Feature - if there is accrued depreciation on assets, they should be included in the balance sheet at their residual value.

Account 08 in the balance sheet for fixed assets is reflected in one line with the balance of account 07. If expenses on intangible assets and scientific developments turned out to be insignificant in the current period, they can be added to the fixed assets item.

Which line of the balance sheet is account 08 reflected when filling out the abbreviated report form? The amounts are distributed between tangible and intangible (including financial and other) non-current assets.

Reflection in the balance

The deferred income account has a constant credit balance at the end of the accounting period. For this reason, in the balance sheet, the balance is reflected in the liability in line 1530. It reflects only income clearly indicated in regulations:

• budget revenues to finance expenses;
• unused funds of targeted financing remaining from the previous period;
• the difference between the total value of lease payments and the value of the asset on the lessee’s balance sheet.

Companies receiving targeted funding from state and extra-budgetary funds reflect the use of such targeted proceeds on account 98. At the end of the year, the amounts of unused balances of target financing from account 86 are transferred to account 98.

In this case, data from account 98 is excluded from the formula for calculating the enterprise’s net assets (clause 6 of the Procedure, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance dated August 28, 2014 No. 84n).

***

To timely reflect in accounting information about income that will bring benefits in the future, account 98 is used. By its nature, this is a passive account, which has a special position in accounting. It is recommended to open sub-accounts for each type of income. In addition, it is recommended to keep records in the context of each of the assets or other income. The credit balance of the account at the end of the year is reflected in line 1530 of the balance sheet.

General accounting rules for account 08

The main documents that an accountant needs to follow when working with the 08th account:

• Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n “On approval of the Chart of Accounts for accounting of financial and economic activities of organizations and instructions for its application” (hereinafter referred to as Order No. 94n);
• “Instructions for the application of the Chart of Accounts for accounting financial and economic activities of organizations”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n (hereinafter referred to as Instruction 94n);
• PBU 6/01;
• PBU 17/02.

Accounting account 08 is designed to accumulate data on enterprise investments in tangible and intangible non-current assets, which in the future can be recorded in accounts 01, 03, 04 as fixed assets, intangible assets or profitable investments, respectively. Today, order No. 94n established eight subaccounts to account 08.

IMPORTANT! In the working chart of accounts, an enterprise can clarify the contents of the list of second-order accounts (sub-accounts), excluding or merging them. If necessary, additional subaccounts can be introduced if this is required by the specifics of the activity or such introduction is dictated by the need to deepen its control and analysis. In this regard, the register of subaccounts for account 08 in the standard chart of accounts is advisory and methodological in nature. It is this circumstance that explains the need to approve a working chart of accounts for the enterprise (clause 5 of PBU 1/98).

According to Order No. 94n, subaccounts 1, 2, 4, 5 and 7 to account 08 are intended to account for investments in finished non-current assets. Account 08-1 is intended for synthesizing data on capital investments of an enterprise for the acquisition of land plots. Investments in environmental management facilities are accounted for in subaccount 08-2. The 4th subaccount takes into account the costs of purchasing individual OS objects that do not require installation. The 5th subaccount accumulates data on investments in intangible assets; in this case, these objects must also be completed. Subaccount 7 synthesizes the costs of purchasing adult animals.

Subaccount 3 is intended to accumulate information on the construction of environmental facilities, and subaccount 6 takes into account the costs of raising young animals before transferring them to the main herd. The 8th subaccount takes into account expenses associated with research, design work, and the development of new technological and management processes.

Analytical accounting for accounts 08-1, 08-2, 08-3, 08-4, 08-5 is maintained for each fixed asset (purchased or constructed). According to accounts 08-6 and 08-7 - for each species (group) of animals. According to account 08-8 - for each type of work (service) or R&D.

You can clarify the procedure for reflecting the balance of account 08 in the balance sheet in the material “On which line should the balance of account 08 be reflected in the balance sheet?”

Legislative definition of the “Deferred Income” account

Income is income that increases the material benefit of the organization due to incoming benefits (assets, money, fixed assets) or the return of any debts. Advances do not fall into this category.

Order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated June 13, 2001 No. 654 “On approval of the Chart of Accounts and Methodological Recommendations” formulates the meaning of each account, including the ninety-eighth.

DBP account 98 was created to summarize and organize information about income receipts that were received or accrued in the reporting period for the following periods (month, year, several years) of economic activity.

It also reflects:

• upcoming (future) receipts for shortfalls from previous periods;
• the difference between the cost of mat. valuables and money that will be collected from those responsible/responsible for shortages or damage to property.

In this case, all the above processes must be entered into the log on time. What is a book of income and expenses and how to keep it - read the link.

What is reflected in future expenses and how they differ from income - see here:

What is DBP?

According to the current approved Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n “Chart of Accounts... and Instructions”, account 98 is passive and is located in the fifth section - “Financial Results”.

The DBP includes:

• income that is received in advance, on account of the future;
• all receipts are free of charge;
• receipts to be received for debts on shortfalls over the past period of time (years, months);
• the difference between the amount that must be recovered from the perpetrators and the cost (balance sheet) for shortages of valuables. A record is kept only if the culprit admits the deficiency;
• leasing Only for companies involved in leasing.

Sub-accounts are opened according to the specific needs of the organization.

Examples of invoice entries

For example, in 98 they write:

• the amount of the subscription for travel in the fleet company. If passes are sold in January for travel in February or another subsequent month;
• the client paid the entire rent (or for several months) in September, and the rental period is from October to May;
• the worker broke the machine, admitted it and began to pay the cost of the damage in parts or in full;
• If a shortage is identified and proven, the person in charge pays the amount himself or agrees to have it deducted from his salary.

Main types of income.

General example of the situation

ATP-5, has freight transport and buses. There are empty warehouse buildings on the territory of the enterprise.

1. The management of ATP decided to rent out one of the buildings for a warehouse.
2. To withstand competition, a bus subscription service has been introduced for different periods of time - from a month to six months.
3. Private entrepreneurs enter into agreements in ATP-5 for the periodic transportation of products and building materials.

All three receipts must be reported separately. Then, 98-1, for convenience, so that there is no confusion and ambiguity, will be divided into additional ones.

At the discretion of the accountant, these sub-accounts may also have sub-items:

• 98-1-1 “Revenue for freight transportation”; 98-1-1-1 “Refrigerated food trucks”;
• 98-1-1-2 “KAMAZ trucks with a trailer.”

Intangible assets and 08th account

Intangible assets (IMA) are assets that have a certain value, are capable of generating income for an enterprise, but do not have a clear tangible form. The rules for accounting for intangible assets are established by PBU 14/2000. PBU 17/2 establishes the rules for accounting for expenses on research, experimental, design and technological developments.

On the 08th account there are two sub-accounts in which information about intangible assets is accumulated. These are subaccounts 08-5 “Purchase of intangible assets” and 08-8 “Performance of research, development and technological work.”

Moreover, if the results of scientific research, experiments, design documentation and developed technologies find their application in the production process of products (works, services) or in the management activities of the enterprise, then the costs of their implementation upon completion of the work are written off from credit 08-8 to debit 04 -th account “Intangible assets”.

If, as a result of research, experiments, design developments or testing of technologies, positive results are not obtained, or if these results are not implemented in the production of products (works, services) or do not influence management processes in the organization, then such expenses are written off from credit 08-8 in debit 91 “Other income and expenses”.

Subaccount 08-5 “Acquisition of intangible assets” relates to those intangible assets that are acquired in several stages and have associated costs. All these expenses until the completion of the process of obtaining rights to intangible assets are collected in subaccount 08-5. Upon completion of the acquisition process, upon receipt of documents confirming the rights to own intangible assets or the right to use them, expenses from credit 08-5 are written off to the debit of account 04.

The question often arises: is intangible design documentation for the construction of fixed assets? For an organization that develops design documentation, these intellectual property objects are intangible assets and the costs of their creation are collected in subaccount 08-8, if such an asset does not have the characteristics of a “good” for such an organization and is not intended for sale/resale.

For organizations that receive this documentation as a result of contractual relations, and along with it the rights to use it and transfer it to third parties, such documentation must also be included in the intangible assets. But if the contract for the creation of design documentation does not indicate that, along with the documents, the rights to dispose of this intellectual property are transferred from the contractor to the customer, then the costs of creating the project and developing design documentation must be attributed to the costs of creating (constructing) that object The OS for which such documentation was created.

What does wiring dt 01 kt 08 mean?

Dt 01, 04 Kt 08

— an item of fixed assets or intangible assets has been put into operation (accepted for accounting). In this case, account 08 is closed. To accept for accounting an object that satisfies all the conditions, an act of acceptance and transfer of fixed assets or intangible assets is drawn up (form OS-1). Expenses for research, development and technological work, the results of which are not subject to use in the production of products (performance of work, provision of services), or for management needs, or for which positive results are not obtained, are written off from the credit of account 08 “Investments in non-current assets" to the debit of account 91 "Other income and expenses".

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Nuances of accounting for the costs of construction of fixed assets

The construction of fixed assets begins with planning and design. Projects for buildings, structures, and technical objects, as we have already found out, can be either an intangible asset (and then the costs of design estimates are taken into account in subaccount 08-5) and part of the costs of creating a fixed asset.

The process of constructing an OS can be carried out by involving contractors or carried out by a special division of the enterprise. In the first case, contracts are concluded with contractors, and they are responsible for ensuring that the object in its finished form must comply with the project. In the second, the document flow process is regulated by the internal rules of the enterprise. In both cases, expenses are accumulated in subaccount 08-3.

Even if the OS is constructed by contractors, it can be made from customer materials. Accounting for materials used in construction is a labor-intensive process. Write-off of materials for construction is carried out on the basis of primary documents. Here it is necessary to recommend the development and use of such primary documents that will help carry out the process of monitoring the use of materials within the framework of estimate calculations. An example of such a primary document is a limit-fence card.

We recommend that you learn more about the procedure for warehouse accounting and the release of materials from the warehouse, as well as about the forms of warehouse documents from the following materials:

• “Maintaining document flow for warehouse accounting of materials”;
• “Procedure for filling out form M-11 requirement-invoice”;
• “Material warehouse card - form and sample.”

The enterprise has the right to develop its own form of the primary document, convenient for monitoring and analyzing the construction process.

Initially, expenses for the purchase of materials for construction are reflected in the debit of the 10th account. As required, within the framework of standards, materials are delivered to the construction site. The accounting department writes them off for construction by correspondence Dt 08.3 Kt 10. Thus, material costs for the construction of a specific object are accumulated in the debit of subaccount 08.3 until the OS object is put into operation. The commissioning of an OS facility upon completion of construction is reflected by posting Dt 01 Kt 08.3.

Nuances of accounting for investments in non-current assets in agriculture

For agricultural enterprises or organizations with livestock divisions, two special sub-accounts are allocated on account 08:

• 08-6 “Transfer of young animals to the main herd”;
• 08-7 “Acquisition of adult animals.”

The acquisition of mature animals, as a rule, does not cause any problems in accounting. The formation of the actual cost of purchasing an adult animal is carried out by synthesizing the cost of acquiring the asset itself, the costs of its delivery, the examination or evaluation, and other expenses associated with the fact of purchasing the animal. After putting the animal into operation, its value is transferred from account 08 to account 01 using standard posting.

The moment the animal is put into service can be the date:

• its entry into the main herd (including breeding);
• its receipt in the unit where its further maintenance is planned (zoos, laboratories, departments of service dog breeding).

If an animal is received by an enterprise free of charge, then its acceptance is based on the market value of animals with similar characteristics (breed, age, constitution, color). Then the initial cost of such an asset is equal to the market value of the asset, increased by the costs of its delivery, examination, etc.

A large number of questions arise in accounting for the costs of raising young animals. In the chart of accounts there is account 11 “Animals for growing and fattening”. Accountants often ask the question, why do we need subaccount 08-6?

Firstly, instruction 94n does not imply direct wiring of Dt 01 Kt 11.

Secondly, through account 08.6 the planned cost of young animals transferred to the main herd is written off from the cost of all animals being fattened and raised.

If an organization transfers young animals to the main herd, typical postings look like this:

Dt 08.6 Kt 11 - write-off of the cost of young animals;

Dt 01 Kt 08.6 - increase in the cost of animals in the main herd due to the arrival of young animals.

During the year, young animals can be transferred to the herd several times. Its transfer is carried out at the planned cost. At the end of the year, the farm is obliged to adjust the planned cost of the transferred young animals to the actual one. In this case, the reversal or increase in amounts is carried out similarly to the entries shown above.

Results

Account 08 in accounting is used to synthesize information about the cost of fixed assets purchased (or produced independently) by an enterprise, intangible assets and profitable investments in tangible assets. The nuances of accounting for such investments are regulated by accounting legislation - PBU 6/01, PBU 17/02 and the chart of accounts.

To exercise the right to deduct input VAT, the investor must simultaneously fulfill several conditions.

EKATERINA MESYATKINA, auditor of VIT-audit LLC

In accordance with paragraph 3 of Art. 4 of Law No. 39-FZ, customers are individuals and legal entities authorized by investors who implement investment projects. The customer is granted the rights to own, use and dispose of capital investments for the period and within the powers established by the contract.

The regulation on the customer-developer establishes that the customer-developer is a legal entity, manages the funds allocated to finance capital investments, as well as all material assets taken into account on the balance sheet of capital construction, and is responsible for the commissioning of production capacities and facilities within the established time frame , constructed in accordance with the approved design and estimate documentation, for their timely preparation for operation, ensuring a high level of architecture and urban planning, design solutions and quality of construction, determination and compliance with the approved estimated cost of construction, contract prices (without allowing them to be unreasonably exceeded), timely supply of equipment, as well as payment for construction and installation work performed and equipment supplied.

Cash and property contributions received by the customer from investors for the construction of facilities are targeted financing and are not subject to VAT (subclause 4, clause 3, article 39 and subclause 1, clause 2, article 146 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). They are reflected in the customer’s accounting under the credit of account 86 “Targeted financing” in correspondence with cash accounts (51, 50, etc.). Analytical accounting for account 86 is carried out according to the purpose of the targeted funds and in the context of the sources of their receipt.

Payment for completed design, survey, construction and installation work, other capital works and payments to suppliers and contractors are made by the customer from these funds, including VAT. VAT amounts paid by customers to contractors are subject to deduction and reimbursement from the budget from investors (clause 6 of Article 171 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Invoices received by the customer from contractors are stored by the customer-developer in the journal of received invoices.

Accounting entries

When spending funds received from the investor, the following entries are made in the accounting records of the customer-developer:

Dt10 - Kt60 - reflects the acceptance for accounting of materials purchased for construction;

Dt19 - Kt60 - reflects the amount of VAT on purchased materials;

Dt08 - Kt10 - materials spent on capital construction were written off based on the contractor’s report;

Dt08 - Kt 60 - construction and installation work completed by contractors was accepted;

Dt19 - Kt60 - reflects the amount of VAT on work performed;

Dt60 - Kt51 - contractor's bills paid;

Dt07 - Kt60 - equipment that requires installation has been taken into account;

Dt19 - Kt60 - reflects the amount of VAT on purchased equipment;

Dt60 - Kt51 - the invoice for the purchased equipment has been paid;

Dt08 - Kt07 - reflects the transfer of equipment to the contractor for installation.

Among the funds received, customers should allocate funds that are their remuneration and received as payment for services for performing the customer’s functions. Remuneration to customers is subject to VAT in accordance with the generally established procedure.

Maintenance costs mean the costs of maintaining the customer as a legal entity specializing in the implementation of investment projects. Such expenses are accounted for in the same way as for a normal type of activity: by the debit of account 26 “General business expenses” in correspondence with the credit of accounts 10 “Materials”, 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages”, 69 “Calculations for social insurance and security” etc. At the end of the month, the costs recorded on account 26 are written off to the debit of account 90 “Sales”. At the same time, the estimated cost of the customer’s services is reflected on the credit of account 90 in correspondence with the debit of account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” and is included in expenses under the item “Other capital expenses”.

Upon completion of construction, the customer “transfers” invoice 08 and invoice 19 to the investor. The final cost of construction, indicated in the Acceptance Certificate of the completed construction facility (form No. KS-11) and in the Acceptance Certificate of the completed construction facility by the acceptance committee (form No. KS-14), should correspond to the amount reflected on account 08 and increased by the amount of VAT in the consolidated invoice. The value of account 08 should be equal to the sum of the costs of materials (equipment) used in capital construction and work performed by contractors minus VAT. The amount of VAT transferred is confirmed by photocopies of invoices received by the customer during construction from suppliers and contractors. After this, the customer’s activity is considered completed.

The investor will pay construction costs throughout the entire construction period. At the same time, its costs will be taken into account on account 76 and form the customer’s receivables for capital construction. The customer's receivables are closed after the delivery of the constructed facility.

In accounting, these transactions are reflected as follows:

Dt76, subaccount “3 customer - Kt51” - reflects the transfer of funds to the customer.

After accepting the finished object, the investor closes account 76 for settlements with the customer and makes the following accounting entries:

Dt08 - Kt 76 - for the amount of construction excluding VAT specified in forms No. KS-11 and No. KS-14;

Dt19 - Kt76 - for the total amount of the consolidated invoice.

Documentary confirmation

The deduction of the presented amount of VAT from the investor is carried out according to the general rules. Formally, the right to deduct input VAT arises for the investor in each tax period. However, to exercise this right, the following conditions must be met simultaneously:

• registration of the specified goods (works, services), property rights;

• their use in taxable activities;

• availability of properly executed invoices.

Until the customer-developer transfers the capital construction project to the investor, the work performed is not accepted for accounting (the investor does not keep account 08) and, in addition, there are no invoices. Consequently, the right to deduct input VAT arises for the investor in the tax period in which he received the object of investment activity and the consolidated invoice. At the same time, there is no longer any need to wait for the start of depreciation on this object.

If an investor also combines the functions of a customer-developer - he keeps records of construction costs (account 08), and is presented with invoices (account 19), then he has the right to deduct input VAT according to the general rule, that is, in each tax period . However, if there are other investors, he must deduct the amount of tax presented only in the part corresponding to his investment share.

Let's look at what account 08 reflects in accounting. It is designed to account for expensive assets that are considered as fixed assets of the enterprise. The procedure for generating records using account 08 is formed in accordance with PBU 6/01 and PBU 17/02.

DBP accounting: account 98

Accounting for DBP is reflected in account 98 , which is passive. The opening account balance shows the total amount of income at the beginning of the analyzed period of time. The loan shows those types of income that should be attributed to future periods. The debit account turnover reflects exactly what amount was written off to other accounting accounts for a given period.

The ending balance shows the amount of unwritten off income at the end of the established interval.

In addition to advance receipts from clients, it is advisable to reflect on this account such types of income as:

• payment for rent stipulated by the contract, received in advance ahead of the deadline specified in the contract;
• subscription fee for the operation of telephone landline and mobile communications and the Internet, paid by counterparties before the onset of the periods specified in the contracts;
• property and assets that the organization has capitalized under donation documents;
• planned receipts for shortages that occurred in previous periods, but are documented in the current period.

Account 98 in the standard chart of accounts has 4 subaccounts , and accounting for all regulated subaccounts must be kept in strict analytics of a certain type of acquired benefit.
So, subaccount 1 shows payment of rent, monthly utilities, subscription fees for communications services and revenue for the transportation of goods.

Subaccount 2 shows the amounts of assets that were received by the enterprise under gift agreements. Accounting is carried out for each type of such assets and shows their market value reflected by the date of actual acceptance for accounting.

Subaccount 3 takes into account future receipts of those amounts of shortages of materials and funds that were identified in past intervals. This subaccount also shows amounts recovered during legal proceedings.

Subaccount 4 displays the amounts of the actual cost of missing or damaged goods and materials, the residual value of missing or broken fixed assets and the amount of established losses of partially damaged materials.

If a commercial enterprise on a state-targeted basis was provided with financing in the form of material assistance, grants or subsidies during the reporting period, its accounting must be reflected in subaccount 2 of account 98.

This account subsequently corresponds with account 86 “Targeted financing” . This aspect is important for subsequent reporting.

Subaccounts for account 08

The acquisition of non-current assets is accompanied by the appearance of the entry Dt 08 – Kt 60. Depending on the type and characteristics of the acquired object, the received asset is accounted for in the following subaccounts:

The presented register of subaccounts is advisory. Each organization has the right to develop its own second-order chart of accounts, combining, excluding or, if necessary, adding new items.

Using account 98 in accounting

Accounting account 98 is necessary to reflect information about income that is received in the current period, but can only be attributed to transactions that will take place in the future.
Using this account, information about received assets (non-current or financial), the financial benefit from which will arise in the future, is quickly processed. According to clause 12 of PBU 9/99, income can be recognized and taken into account if there is precise confidence that potential benefits from the acquired assets will follow in the future.

The use of account 98 is as follows: it is formed from income that is expected in the future, such as:

1. The difference that is expected from the excess of leasing payments over the cost of the property transferred to the financial lease (clause 4 of the Instructions, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance dated February 17, 1997 No. 15 - until 2001, deferred income was taken into account on account 83).
2. Budget funds have been allocated for the purchase of non-current assets or for financing current expenses (clause 9 of PBU 13/2000).
3. Fixed assets received free of charge (clause 29 of Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 13, 2003 No. 91n).
4. The difference formed between the amount of recovery from the guilty persons for stolen property and the cost of the shortage (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n - description of account 98).

Accounting account 98 is a passive reporting and distribution register. The credit of the account reflects the amounts of receipts relating to future periods. By debit - transferred income at the beginning of this reporting period. The account balance is always in credit.

Fixed Asset Accounting

Analytics for account 08 is carried out for each specific type of acquired asset, be it equipment, an intangible asset, or research work. If we are talking about subaccounts 08-6 or 08-7, accounting is carried out by groups of animals.

Taking into account the fact that various and heterogeneous resources can be involved in the construction of fixed assets, several subaccounts can be used simultaneously during the construction of fixed assets. For example, costs for technical design are accounted for in subaccount 08-5; the source of construction materials may be own resources, etc. The final result of the construction of a fixed asset must be summarized on account 01.

Example. The organization used the following resources during the construction of the structure: design costs amounted to 54,600 rubles excluding VAT; during construction, materials of its own production were used in the amount of 116,400 rubles excluding VAT. The initial cost of the OS will be supplemented by the following transactions:

Dt 08-5 – Kt 60 (54,600 rubles) – design services;

Dt 08-3 – Kt 10 – (116,400 rubles) – the cost of own materials is taken into account.

The total cost of the fixed asset will be increased by these amounts upon commissioning:

Dt 01 – Kt 08-5 (54,600 rubles);

Dt 01 – Kt 08-3 (116,400 rubles).

Materials accounting

The accounting unit for fixed assets and intangible assets is an inventory object. a fixed asset object is opened for each fixed asset

(form N OS-6) in one copy, which reflects all the information about this fixed asset: the full initial cost, replacement cost based on the results of revaluation, information about the internal movement or disposal of fixed assets, reconstruction or modernization of fixed assets, repairs.
Dt 01, 04 Kt 08
- an object of fixed assets or intangible assets was put into operation (accepted for accounting). In this case, account 08 is closed. To accept for accounting an object that satisfies all the conditions, an act of acceptance and transfer of fixed assets or intangible assets is drawn up (form OS-1).

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Typical Operations

Fixed assets enter the organization in several ways. Capitalization is carried out excluding VAT. Incoming tax is recorded in a separate posting. Sources of OS income can be:

In addition, the following related expenses can be taken into account in the debit of the account:

1. Dt 08 – Kt 60 – delivery services.
2. Dt 08 – Kt 70 (69) – payment to enterprise employees for installation of equipment.
3. Dt 08 – Kt 67 – borrowed funds were used when purchasing the property.

The resulting equipment is put into operation by wiring:

1. Dt 01 – Kt 08 – the fixed asset item is accepted onto the balance sheet.
2. Dt 03 – Kt 08 – OS included in income-generating investments in tangible assets.
3. Dt 04 – Kt 08 – intangible asset acquired.

Example 2. An organization purchased a production machine at a cost of 472,000 rubles, including VAT of 72,000 rubles. The equipment was delivered, for which services an invoice was issued in the amount of 49,560 rubles, including VAT of 7,560 rubles. The assembly of the object was carried out by full-time workers. Installation costs amounted to 12,000 in wages and 2,880 rubles in insurance premiums. What will be the initial price of the equipment? The wiring for commissioning the equipment is as follows:

• Dt 08 – Kt 60 (400,000 rubles) – receipt of the machine;
• Dt 19 – Kt 60 (72,000 rubles) – the amount of VAT has been allocated;
• Dt 08 – Kt 60 (42,000 rubles) – delivery services;
• Dt 19 – Kt 60 (7,560 rubles) – VAT on transport costs;
• Dt 08 – Kt 70 (12,000 rubles) – installation wages are reflected in expenses;
• Dt 08 – Kt 69 (2,880 rubles) – insurance premiums for wages are charged;
• Dt 01 – Kt 80 (456,880 rubles) – the facility was put into operation.

In the course of business activities, incoming equipment can be sold if there is no longer a need for its use:

• Dt 91 – Kt 08 – write-off of an object for sale at book value.

If a shortage is detected during the delivery of equipment, the following entry appears:

• Dt 94 - Kt 08 - reflects the lack of investment in the fixed assets object.

Account 08 in accounting is used to consolidate information about costs received during the receipt, installation and commissioning of fixed assets. Determining the initial cost of an object is extremely important for its further write-off and calculation of property taxes.

Basic transactions for passive account 98

It is important to remember that advances are posted to other accounts. In essence, they are not an advance payment, but rather a guarantee. Therefore, it is very important not to confuse the two concepts and correctly distribute the accounts.

Corresponding accounts

Count 98 DBP passes:

• for a loan with accounts – 08, 50 – 52, 55, 58, 73, 76, 86, 91, 94.
• by debit – 68, 90, 91.

Correspondent accounts are used as needed.

DBP is now used quite widely. This fact is determined by the fact that most companies work on prepayment. Companies that provide services or work on order are in dire need of available funds. In this case, full or partial prepayment is immediately agreed upon.

Sometimes, an organization is forced to make purchases and pay for the work of temporary workers. In this case, prepayment becomes necessary.

Account 98 and its subaccounts.

Often, the customer company, in order to speed up the execution of its order and guarantee full compliance with the terms of the contract, pays the entire amount for work/services or rent several months in advance. Especially if there is a possibility that the price will rise.

If the customer makes an advance payment for several reporting periods at once, then these funds are recorded and reflected monthly on account 98.

That is, if money was transferred several months in advance to the account of a company that will fulfill the order in future periods, then, despite the fact that the service has already been paid for, the accountant reflects each month by posting account 98 the distribution by period of that part of the money that is from the total amount would be transferred in each reporting month.

As a result, at the end of the term of the contract for services and supplies, according to the accounting documentation, the entire amount that was indicated as income for the future period will be written off in parts from account 98 according to the corresponding accounts.

If the organization was given materials, fixed assets or financial injections for use free of charge, then such transactions are also reflected in the financial statements.

Nuances of filling out an invoice

The account must reflect the shortages and the amount of recovery from the perpetrators, as well as the difference between the cost of the damaged property and the amount of recovery. Only if the perpetrator admitted his guilt. All profits of future months, excluding advances, are reproduced in the DBP. OS repair costs are also shown in this article.

In order not to make mistakes with entries, the accountant of each individual organization must clearly understand what operations are inherent specifically in their business activities. There are times when some offsetting accounts are never used in a particular area. Subaccounts may not be opened if, apart from shortages, for example, no transactions are carried out for future periods.

If this is a construction organization or a contractor company, as well as in the case where there is budget financing or prepayments, then sub-accounts must be opened in order to clearly see where the proceeds are coming from and how long the prepayment period will last.

Case studies

The company received a machine free of charge from a private person. The market value of the fixed assets is 570 thousand rubles. The useful life is set at 4 years.

After posting for depreciation (D-t 20, K-t 02, = 11,875 rubles), from the next month after the fixed assets are registered, the following operation will be performed on account 98 during the useful life:

The company rented out premises for a warehouse of household appliances for 6 months. Lease period 10/1/17 – 04/1/18. Rent for 30 days is 35 thousand rubles. The tenant transferred the amount for 6 months – 180 thousand rubles – to the company’s account before the rental period (09.23.17).

September 2022

Further, every month while the lease agreement is valid, from October to March inclusive, the entry for account 98 will look like this:

A shortage of material assets in the amount of 25 thousand rubles was recognized. He who admitted the shortage contributed 10 thousand rubles.

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